Nr 222 Exam 1

Front 1

What are the two signifcances about the social security act?

Back 1

Provided immediate health for the american people (1935)

Marked the emergence of the federal government as a dominant force in healthcare delivery and finance.

Front 2

What is the difference between medicare and medicaid?

Back 2

Medicare is given after age of 65 and supplement insurance for people over 65, people on disability and clients in end stage renal disease.

Medicaid is from the welfare system for people who are unable to pay for their own insurance.

Front 3

What are the concepts behind the metaparadigm?

Back 3

"represents the worldview of a discipline (the most global perspective that subsumes more specific views and approaches to the central concepts with which it is concerned). There is considerable agreement that Nursing's' metaparadigm consists of the central concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing."

Front 4

Conceptual model

Back 4

"a set of abstract and general concepts and propositions that integrate those concepts into a meaningful configuration (Lipitt, 1973; Nye & Berardo, 1981)" (as cited in Fawcett, J., 1995, p.2). Conceptual models are frameworks representing how a given theorist views the phenomena of concern to a discipline. How one theorist defines the metaparadigm concepts will differ from another theorist, but both theorists will include all the metaparadigm concepts in their model.

Front 5

Maslows higherarchy of needs
(Top of pyramid down)

Back 5

Self actualization needs
Self esteem needs
Love and belonging needs
Safety and Security needs
Physiological needs

Front 6

Transcultural theory and the theorists that created it

Back 6

Reflect nursing and society's beliefs regarding the importance of culture and it's affects on the total functioning of an individual.

Concepts are:
Human Care
Influence of Culture
Worldwide view of individuals
Cultural congruence
Commonality of needs
Diversity

Theorists:
Madeline Leininger

Front 7

The precede-proceed model

Back 7

Precede - Phase 1
social diagnosis - evaluation of social problems
Phase 2
Epidemiological diagnois - analysis of health problems
Phase 3
Behavioral and Environmental diagnosis - Identification of health practices and links to problems.
Phase 4
Education and Organization diagnosis - Idenfication of learning objectives
Phase 5
Administrative and Policy diagnosis - analysis of policies, resources, and management components.

Proceed:
Phase 6
Implementation - operationalization of program
Phase 7
Process evaluation - evaluation of the process used to implement the program
Phase 8
Impact Evaluation - assessment of the achievement of objectives
Phase 9
Outcome evaluation - measurement of overall goal achievement and affect on the quality of life.

Front 8

Healthy People 2010

Back 8

Goverment is focuisng on health promotion and prevention to encourage a healthy society and reduce health care costs.

467 objectives
28 focus areas

Front 9

Define Health Promotion

Back 9

encouraging quality of life and well being through strategies involving supportive environment, coordination of resources and respect for personal choice and value.

Front 10

Define Health Protection

Back 10

focuses on the prevention of disease and goes along the medical model

Front 11

Define planned behavior

Back 11

explains how attitudes and intentions explain behavior
If people have the resources, support or skills needed for a certain behavior they would be able to acheive it.

Front 12

Define health belief model

Back 12

Emphasizes predicting individuals preventative health behavior

Helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the individual that could affect a plan of action for disease prevention.

Front 13

Define and the stages of:
Transtheoretical model of behavior change

Back 13

Research that concluded that changes in health behavior occurred in 5 stages with elements of thought, action and time.

Stage 1
PreContemplation - no action planned
Stage 2 - Contemplation - actions considered
Stage 3 - preparation - actions identified
Stage 4 - Action - Actively involved in the behavior change
Stage 5 - Maintenance - continuation of behavior change

Front 14

Health Promotion plan - adpie

Back 14

Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

Front 15

Biological domain includes what?

Back 15

Genetic predisposition
Susceptibility to disease
Ethnicity
Lifestyle

Front 16

Psychological Domain includes what?

Back 16

Mental health
Personal perceptions of health
stress levels
self-knowledge
disease

Front 17

Sociological domain includes what?

Back 17

family
relationships with others
social norms
accessibility to health care
economic status

Front 18

Environmental domain includes what?

Back 18

environmental hazards of worksite, home and community
potential hazards and safety concerns
living conditions
noise, noxious agents, toxins
psychological stress

Front 19

Political domain includes what

Back 19

bureaucratic
government
legislative
federal state and local funding
nursing organizations

Front 20

spiritual domain includes waht

Back 20

individual beliefs
values
culture
hope
intellectual
education
environment
physiological
psychological

Front 21

sexual domain

Back 21

upbringing
values
sexual identity
sexual history
sexual practices

Front 22

technological domain

Back 22

technological advances
digital technology
tele-media
email
satellite access
robotics

Front 23

Nursing process

Back 23

problem solving method for developing and appropriate plan of care and wellness, outcomes.
Involves:
ADPIE

Front 24

Prevention - Primary

Back 24

High level wellness is the goal
Includes activities and lifestyle factors that can be changed or maximized

adequate nutrition, exercise, immunization and health education are examples

Front 25

Prevention - Secondary

Back 25

Focuses on screenings that identify abnormalaties within a population

Includes all health screenings and assessments

Front 26

Prevention - tertiary

Back 26

seeks to address situation once symptoms have occurred

directed towards minimizing disease or disability and optimizing health

Includes rehab etc.

Front 27

Decoder

Back 27

person who receives and is able to interpret and encode a message in order to understand senders original idea

Front 28

feedback

Back 28

process by which effectiveness of communication is determined - encoding and sending of a message by a receiver back to original sender in order to let the sender know how their original message was received

Front 29

Encoder

Back 29

person who initiates communication by placing a message in a form that is understandable to the person meant to receive it.

Front 30

context

Back 30

condition under which communication occurs

Front 31

sensory channel

Back 31

means by which a message is sent
3 routes
sight
hearing
touch

Front 32

paralanguage

Back 32

use of sounds with and without verbal language
intermediate area between non-verbal communication

Front 33

Emic vs etic knowledge

Back 33

Emic - insiders viewpoint
Etic - outsiders viewpoint of a specific culture

Front 34

Cultural competency

Back 34

being able to incorporate emic and etic knowledge into hollistic and congruent client care

Front 35

acculturation

Back 35

process of adapting to adopting or taking on other aspects from another culture.

Front 36

medicocentrism

Back 36

belief that professional health care practices are better than popular or folk health care practices.

reflecting ethnocentrism by members of the health care system.