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Resting Membrane Potential

Voltage difference across plasma membrane when cell is at rest. (Vm)

Nernst Equation

Ei = RT/zF ln[i]_o / [i]_i

Graded Potentials

Local changes in the membrane potential that decay over short ranges.




Usually due to consequence of synaptic transmission and opening of non-voltage gated ion channels




Bi-directional

Depolarization

Decreases membrane potential and makes it more positive than at rest.

Hyper polarization

Increases membrane potential and makes it more negative than at rest.