Notes For Exercise 6-1

Front 1

Integumentary system

Back 1

Skin system

Front 2

Skin keeps what's inside in, and outside out..

Back 2

.

Front 3

The outer layers of skin renew completely every 30 days..

Back 3

.

Front 4

Sunlight on skin makes Vitamin D

Back 4

Vit. D is essential for calcium absorption, calcium helps move muscles

Front 5

Skins regulates temperature how?

Back 5

Blood rushes to surface, you lose heat.
Blood is kept more internal, you retain heat

Front 6

17% of the oxygen comes through the skin.

Back 6

.

Front 7

Skin busy eliminating toxins

Back 7

If kidney fail, the skin will help eliminate toxins

Front 8

Skin is the largest sensory organ and provides with sense of touch

Back 8

Touch is also a nutrient
Minimal touch will have stunted growth, mentally and physically
Touch educates the brain
Helps develop both conscience and ability to love

Front 9

Flowing strokes of a Swedish massage ....

Back 9

activates a cascade of beneficial hormones and nerve messages

Front 10

Epideris (def.)

Back 10

Outer, or top, layer of skin

Front 11

Keratin (def.)

Back 11

Durable, waterproof protein that cover the epidermis

Front 12

Keratinocytes (def.)

Back 12

Keratin-making cells that live and die in the epidermis

Front 13

Cells in the top layer of skin (the epidermis)...

Back 13

Create skin color

Front 14

Melanin (def)

Back 14

Pigment made by melanocytes (melanin-making cells) that determine skin color,
Protects from ultraviolet rays

Front 15

Melanin colors ...

Back 15

Black, brown, yellow, and red

Front 16

Since hair is an offshoot of the epidermis...

Back 16

Human hair is also comes in the same colors as melanin

Front 17

Pink skin is actually skin with very low melanin....

Back 17

The blood vessels showing through are what make the pink color

Front 18

Epidermis is like a callus...

Back 18

There has no blood supply and no nerves

Front 19

Dermis (def.)

Back 19

2nd layer of skin a matrix of collagen and elastin fibers

Front 20

Collagen is strong, but not very stretchy...

Back 20

Elastin is stretchy, but not very strong

Front 21

Sensory nerves in the dermis register heat, cold, pressure, pain, and touch...

Back 21

Too much heat, cold or pressure will turn into pain

Front 22

Dermis contains sweat glands and oil glands ....

Back 22

Sweat cools you and get ride of toxins
Oild keeps your skin lubricated

Front 23

Acid mantle (def)

Back 23

Sweat and oil mix to create a lubricant that repels and kills bacteria

Front 24

Fibroblasts (def)

Back 24

Cells that have a "blast" making fibers.
Spin fibers to close wounds

Front 25

Scar tissue (def)

Back 25

Fibroblasts that form densely in large and deep wounds so that blood vessels can't get through

Front 26

Subcutaneous layers (def)

Back 26

A.K.A hypodermis
Layer of rounds cells under the dermis and is compromised of fat cells.
Fat cells can only expand and shrink

Front 27

Fat keeps in body heat

Back 27

Fat is always being used and added.
Supports the organ

Front 28

Subcutaneous layer provides a pathway for blood and nerves
Anchors our skin to the underlying tissues.

Back 28

Fat is not responsible for "flab" underused muscle is

Front 29

Bones why?

Back 29

Because muscles attach to bone

Front 30

206 bones in the skeletal system

Back 30

Pairs (2 arm bones, 2 thigh bones)
Sets (24 vertebrae, 14 finger bones)
35 other bones

Front 31

Functions of bones

Back 31

Provide structure for movement (bones are what muscles and connective tissues attach to),
Protect organs,
Store minerals (ready to deliver calcium into the bloodstream),
House marry which makes blood cells

Front 32

What is Bone?

Back 32

highly responsive to use,
Respond to amount of stress placed on them,
Bones cells have the ability to sense how much stress has been placed upon them

Front 33

Osteoblasts (def)

Back 33

Bone construction is done by this.
Convert dissolved minerals in the blood into mineralized crystal.

Front 34

Osteoclasts (def)

Back 34

Demolition in bone,
Dissolve bony crystal, releasing minerals back into the bloodstream

Front 35

Head Bones

Back 35

Frontal, Zygomatic, Nasal, Maxilla, Mandible, Parietal, Temporals, Occipital, Hyoid

Front 36

Frontal (def)

Back 36

Bone known as the forehead bone

Front 37

Zygomatic (def)

Back 37

Two cheeks bones

Front 38

Nasal (def)

Back 38

Two smalls bones that form the bridge of your nose

Front 39

Maxilla (def)

Back 39

Two maxillary bones come together to form the upper jaw, which holds the upper teeth

Front 40

Mandible (def)

Back 40

Lower jaw bone, holds lower teeth and forms the chin

Front 41

Parietal (def)

Back 41

Two bones meet at the top of your head to form the upper part of the skull

Front 42

Temporals (def)

Back 42

Two bones that are along the sides of the head

Front 43

Occipital (def)

Back 43

Back and bottom of your skull

Front 44

Hyoid (def)

Back 44

Horseshoe-shaped bone at the base of the tongue

Front 45

Articulation (def)

Back 45

When bones connect

Front 46

Vertebral Column

Back 46

24 vertebrae.
Cervical spine, Thoracic spine, Lumbar spine, Sacrum, Coccyx

Front 47

Cervical spine

Back 47

7 Spines numbers C1 to C7
C1 is called atlas
c2 is called axis

Front 48

Thoraic Spine

Back 48

12 vertebrae Numbered T1 to T12

Front 49

Ribs

Back 49

AKA Costals are number 1 trough 12
Sternum (Breastbone) is in front of the ribs

Front 50

Lumbar spine

Back 50

5 lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5
L5 is known as the Sacrum
Coccyx (tailbone) is attached to the Sacrum

Front 51

Axial skeleton

Back 51

Head, vetebre column, ribcage

Front 52

Appendicular

Back 52

Rest of the bone system

Front 53

The Upper Limb

Back 53

Arm (upper arm),
forearm (elbow to wrist),
and hands

Front 54

Humerus

Back 54

Arm bone

Front 55

Radius

Back 55

Bone in the forearm on the thumb side

Front 56

Ulna

Back 56

Bone from the elbow to the wrist on the little finger side

Front 57

Carpals

Back 57

8 Wrist bones

Front 58

Metacarpals

Back 58

Hand bones beyond the carpals
Thumb is 1 to 5

Front 59

Phalanges

Back 59

Finger bones
Thumb has 2 bones/Rest of the fingers have 3 bones,
Tips known as distal philanges,
Middle part known as middle philanges,
Proximal phalanges parts next to the knuckles of the hand

Front 60

Scapula

Back 60

Shoulder blade
Blade-shaped bone in your upper back

Front 61

Clavicle

Back 61

Collarbone

Front 62

Ilium

Back 62

Hip bone

Front 63

Ischium

Back 63

Bone you rest on when sitting

Front 64

Pubis

Back 64

Pubic bone

Front 65

Lower limbs

Back 65

Legs

Front 66

Femur

Back 66

Thigh bones is the longest, strongest bone in the body

Front 67

Patella

Back 67

Kneecap

Front 68

Tibia

Back 68

Shin one

Front 69

Fibular

Back 69

Bone on the lateral side of the leg,
disappears into the muscle of your leg

Front 70

Tarsals

Back 70

Bones in the foot

Front 71

Talus

Back 71

First bone at the top of your foot,
Connects with tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint

Front 72

Calcaneus

Back 72

Bone which forms the heel

Front 73

Metatarsals

Back 73

Five long bones in your foot,
1 through 5, 1 on the big-toe side

Front 74

Phalanges

Back 74

Same as hands

Front 75

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Back 75

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