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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 political institutions |
-government -political parties -interest groups -media |
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4 ideological foundations |
-american exceptionalism -american essentialism -paradox of universalist nationalism -civil nationalism vs ethnic nationalism |
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american essentialism |
a conservative philosophy that basically states that every american concept is good |
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paradox of universalist nationalism |
not wanting to sign treaties in fear that itll interfere with US morals but still playing police on other countries |
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civil nationalism vs ethnic nationalism |
talks about the concept of america being founded under w.a.s.p culture and that lasting until today |
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2 influential philosophers in american politics |
john locke montesqueiue |
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what document did john locke influence |
the declaration of independence |
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what 4 concepts were borrowed from john locke |
-natural rights -social contract theory -limited government -religious liberty/ separation of church and state |
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what are natural rights |
life liberty prosperity |
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social contract theory |
peoples moral and political obligation are dependent upon a contract/agreement influences and guided by the society they live in |
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what document did montesquieu influence |
the constitution |
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trias politica |
separation of powers |
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what concept was borrowed from montesquieu |
separation of powers (trias politica) |
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what was the constitution shaped by |
political tenions |
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6 checks and balances |
-bill must pass in both houses of congress -president can veto a bill passed by congress -congress can overturn a veto with a 2/3 vote -the supreme court can overturn the president -the senate has to approve all presidential appointments -congress can impeach, convict and remove president |
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elastic clause is also known as |
the necessary and proper clause |
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elastic clause (necessary and proper clause) |
grants congress power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out enumerated list of power |
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2 clauses that barely touch up on slavery in the constitution |
three fifths clause/ compromise fugitive slave clause |
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6 ways in which the president acts as a colegislator |
-recommendations to congress -veto -may call extraordinary sessions of congress -signing statement -pseudo line item veto -budget proposal |
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3 types of vetos |
line item veto pseudo line item veto pocket veto |
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line item veto |
when you veto certain specific parts of a bill but not others. president isnt allowed to do this but governors are |
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pseudo line item veto |
when some parts of a bill are enforced earlier than others |
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pocket veto |
indirect veto when a president puts off signing a bill until congress is no longer in session |
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2 ways in which president acts as a co judiciary |
can grant pardons appoints federal judges |
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rally around the flag |
explains phenomenon of increased short run popular support of president during the war |
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war powers resolution |
law intended to check presidents power to commit the USA to a war without congress approval |
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bully pulpit |
a public office or position of authority that provides its occupant with an opportunity to speak out on any issue aa the president |
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2 duties that that make the rpesident act as a party leader |
-he can put pressure on congress -sets party agenda |
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4 constitutional limits (checks and balances) on presidential power |
-impeachment -subject to judicial review -limited terms - referalism and state power |
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5 political limits on presidential power |
-permanent campaign -lame duck -divided government -public opinion -specialist advice |
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presidential paradox |
president holds a lot of power and takes responsibility for it but the effectiveness of a president lies on how much congress and judges agree with him |
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which article in the constitution talks about congress |
article one |
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5 traits of a presidential democracy |
-head of state is head of gov -executive retains independent democratic mandate -predictable electoral calendar -strict separation of powers -gridlock |
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conference committee |
for when the house and senate made conflicting amendments of a bill, they meet and modify it. |
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3 congressional powers |
-power of the purse -socioeconomic regulation -foreign relations and military |
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4 ways that congress had powers of the purse |
-taxation -borrowing (they establish the debt ceiling -appropriations (budget) -minting |
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congressional oversight |
Oversight of the executive branch and agencies. (congress can use this to ensure that there is a more strict interpretation of a law) |
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6 tools of oversight |
-hearings and investigations -authorization process -appropriation (budget) -inspectors and reporting requirements -governmetn accountable offic -impeachment and removal |
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the great compromise is also known as |
the connecticut compromise |
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the great compromise/ the connecticut compromise |
A compromise that came as a result of the New jersey Plan and the Virginia plan. It established 2 house legislature (upper house and lower house) |
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what kind of representation is the house of representatives based on |
proportional representation |
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gerrymandering |
manipulating district boundaries to favour a party or class |
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cracking |
type of gerrymandering, spreading like minded people in order to dilute their voting power across districts |
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packing |
type of gerrymandering, concentrating like minded people in order to reduce their voting power across districts |
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two types of gerrymandering |
cracking and packing |
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big sort |
self gerrymandering, because people naturally follow like minded people |
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how many senators does each state have |
2 |
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virtual filibuster |
modern filibuster- essentially means that you now declare a filibuster and pause that topic and move on to another topic |
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discretionary review |
gives the supreme court the authority to decide which cases they hear |
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rule of four |
if 4 of the judges want to hear a case, the supreme court must take that case |
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circuit split |
when two different federal judges make conflicting judgments on a case. then the supreme court has to look at it |
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judicial review |
when the supreme court declares a law unconstitutional. lower courts can no longer enforce it after that |
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national supremacy |
federal supreme court can declare state laws as unconstitutional |
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marbury vs madison |
first case where a law was declared unconstitutional |
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brown vs board of education |
case where it was decided that separate schools are inherently unequal |
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roe vs wade |
case that legalized abortion |
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citizens united vs FEC |
case that limits the amount of money that organisations can give to political candidates |
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affordable care act |
obama care |
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2 sides of judicial philisophy |
-originalism -living constitution |
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judicial restraint |
aka State decisis supreme court musnt go back on its previous ruling |
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two aspects of judicial pragmatism |
doctrinism and balancing |
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doctrinism |
interpretation of an old text with gradual movement of society |
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living constitution |
a judicial philosophy where they look at the constitution for its legislative context most liberal judges are like this |
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originalism |
a judicial philosophy where they read the constitution and interpret it as the people who wrote it would. |
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balancing |
a part of living constitution pragmatism which is where they look into existing interpretations of a law |
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spoils system |
is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party |
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machine politics |
where a political party would control a city by using the spoils system/patronage system to ensure that their party would stay in ower |
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what ended the spoils system |
the introduction of the civil servant exam |
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political engineering |
where bureaucrats set up projects in a way that politicians have no choice but to support them |
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revolving door |
concept that describes lobbyists and the fact that theyre usually former politicians who have contacts from their time in office |
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PAC |
Political action committee |
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two types of PACS |
connected pac nonconnected pac |
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connected PAC |
associated with an organisation |
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nonconnected pac |
can collect donations from anyone can support candidates directly |
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superpac |
-can get unlimited donations form individuals or corporations -cant donate to campaigns directly but can donate on behalf of campaignsp |
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phelps vs snyder case |
case with westboro baptist church- decided that you have the right to protest on a sidewalk even if the speech is outrageous |
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paradox of public opinion |
nobody actually cares- disinterest among people |
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supremacy clause |
clause where federal law always trumps state law |
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theories of power |
-liberal theory -police theory |
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nullification crisis |
crisis that arose against a tax resulting in the nullification of a fed law |
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dual federalism |
-marble cake federalism -layer cake federalism |
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competitive federalism |
refers to the double battleground of american politics which asks 2 questions -what policies will be enacted -what level of government should act |
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three types of educational localism |
-financial localism -political localism -social localism |