Normal Serum Electrolyte Values

Front 1

bicarbonate (HCO3)

Back 1

22-26 mEq
anion

Front 2

Chloride (Cl)

Back 2

96-106 mEq
anion

Front 3

Phosphate (PO4^3)

Back 3

2.4 - 4.4 mg/dL
anion

Front 4

Potassium (K)

Back 4

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L (ECF)
cations

Front 5

Magnesium (Mg)

Back 5

1.5-2.5 mEq/L
cation

Front 6

Sodium (Na)

Back 6

135 - 145 mEq/L
cation

Front 7

Calcium (Ca^2)
(total)

Back 7

8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL
cation

Front 8

Calcium (ionized)

Back 8

4.6 - 5.3 mg/dL

Front 9

Hypernatremia with decreased ECF volume

Back 9

Restlessness, agitation, twitching, seizures, coma

Intense thirst; dry, swollen tongue, sticky mucous membranes

Postural hypotension, ↓ CVP, weight loss

Weakness, lethargy

Front 10

Hypernatremia with normal/increased ECF volume

Back 10

Restlessness, agitation, twitching, seizures, coma

Intense thirst, flushed skin

Weight gain, peripheral and pulmonary edema, ↑ BP, ↑ CVP .

Front 11

Hyponatremia with decrease ECF volume

Back 11

Irritability, apprehension, confusion, dizziness, personality changes, tremors, seizures, coma

Dry mucous membranes

Postural hypotension, ↓ CVP, ↓ jugular venous filling, tachycardia, thready pulse

Cold and clammy skin..

Front 12

Hyponatremia with normal/increase ECF volume

Back 12

Headache, apathy, confusion, muscle spasms, seizures, coma

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps

Weight gain, ↑ BP, ↑ CVP .

Front 13

Hyperkalemia signs

Back 13

Irritability

Anxiety

Abdominal cramping, diarrhea

Weakness of lower extremities

Paresthesias

Irregular pulse

Cardiac arrest if hyperkalemia sudden or severe .

Front 14

Hypokalemia signs

Back 14

Fatigue

Muscle weakness, leg cramps

Nausea, vomiting, paralytic ileus

Soft, flabby muscles

Paresthesias, decreased reflexes

Weak, irregular pulse

Polyuria

Hyperglycemia.

Front 15

Hypercalemia signs

Back 15

Lethargy, weakness

Depressed reflexes

Decreased memory

Confusion, personality changes, psychosis

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting

Bone pain, fractures

Polyuria, dehydration

Nephrolithiasis

Stupor, coma .

Front 16

Hypocalemia signs

Back 16

Easy fatigability

Depression, anxiety, confusion

Numbness and tingling in extremities and region around mouth

Hyperreflexia, muscle cramps

Chvostek's sign

Trousseau's sign

Laryngeal spasm

Tetany, seizures.

Front 17

Hyperphostemia

Back 17

Hypocalcemia

Muscle problems; tetany

Deposition of calcium-phosphate precipitates in skin, soft tissue, cornea, viscera, blood vessels .

Front 18

Hypophostemia

Back 18

Central nervous system dysfunction (confusion, coma)

Muscle weakness, including respiratory muscle weakness and difficulty weaning

Renal tubular wasting of Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO3–

Cardiac problems (dysrhythmias, decreased stroke volume)

Osteomalacia

Rhabdomyolysis

Front 19

Hypermagnesma

Back 19

Renal failure (especially if patient is given magnesium products)

Excessive administration of magnesium for treatment of eclampsia

Adrenal insufficiency .

Front 20

HYPOMAGNESEMIA .

Back 20

Diarrhea

Vomiting

Chronic alcoholism

Impaired GI absorption

Malabsorption syndrome

Prolonged malnutrition

Large urine output

NG suction

Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus

Hyperaldosteronism .