Non-Fermentative Gram Negative Rods

Front 1

what is mean Non-fermenters?

Back 1

1. Non-glucose fermenting GNR

2.Aerobic GNR

3..TSI or KIA = K/NC (with growth on slant)

Front 2

Bacteria can use which 3 pathways for glucose degradation?

Back 2

1. Ember-Meyerhoff Pathway

2.Entner-Douderoff Pathway

3.Warburg-Dickens (Hexose Monophosphate shunt)

Front 3

Ember-Meyerhoff Pathway?

Back 3

1.Glycolytic or anaerobic pathway (fermentation)

2.Glucose is degraded without the presence of oxygen

3.End products are strong acids which are detectable by pH changes:
A. Lactic acid (VP pos bacteria) or
B. Mixed acids (MR pos bacteria)

Front 4

Entner-Douderoff Pathway?

Back 4

1.Aerobic pathway
Oxygen is required for glycolysis

2. End products are weak acids
Examples: non-fermenting GNR

Front 5

Warburg-Dickens (Hexose Monophosphate shunt)?

Back 5

Aerotolerant
Nonoxidative bacteria that are capable of growing in the presence of oxygen but grow better anaerobically
Examples: Aerotolerant anaerobes

Front 6

what are the clinically significant nonfastidious Non-Fermenting organism?

Back 6

Pseudomonas
Burkholderia
Stenotrophomonas
Acinetobacter
Alcaligenes
Chryseobacterium

Front 7

King’s chart for NF?

Back 7

Based on organism’s ability to
1. Utilize glucose
Oxidizer vs. Non-oxidizer

2.Oxidase reaction
positive or negative

3. Growth on MAC
positive or negative

Front 8

what is the most common isolated Nonfermenter GNR?

Back 8

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 9

Pseudomonas aeruginosa found in _______?

Back 9

Found in any aqueous setting, anything wet
--Swimming pool, showerheads, sink traps, contact lens solution, betadine bottles, soap

Front 10

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is cause of eye infections esp. in contact lens user, correct?

Back 10

yes

Front 11

PSA produces ______ pigment

Back 11

Pyocyanin

Front 12

Identification Tests for PSA?

Back 12

*TSI= K/NC
OF Glucose= oxidizer
Growth at 42˚C
Acetate= positive
Nitrate reduction test = positive
Arginine decarboxylase = positive
Hint: P.AeRG =positive
Motility= positive; polar monotrichous flagella

Front 13

Minimum Criteria to ID PSA?

Back 13

oxidase positive

BAP-Spready and Green metallic Sheen

growth on MAC

Front 14

Treatment of PSA?

Back 14

3rd generation cephalosporins
piperacillin
aminoglycosides

Front 15

Second most common Nonfermenter is _______?

Back 15

Acinetobacter baumannii (ACNB)

Front 16

pathogenicity of Acinetobacter baumannii (ACNB)?

Back 16

Cause of nosocomial infection, esp UTI, pneumonia, wounds, bacteremia d/t insertion of contaminated medical devices such as catheters, ventilators, etc

Front 17

Gram stain of ACNB?

Back 17

gram negative cocci or diplococci

Often gram variable because organism resists decolorization

Front 18

test to ID ACNB?

Back 18

**Oxidase = negative (PSA is pos)
OF glucose = rapid oxidizer
Motility = negative

Front 19

ACNB is resistant to pencillin, correct?

Back 19

yes

Front 20

ACNB is widely distributed in nature, and may become a colonizer during extended hospital stay, true or false?

Back 20

True

Front 21

pathogenicity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. malt)?

Back 21

Organism widely distributed in nature including hospitals

Not a normal inhabitant of human flora

Causes nosocomial infections d/t using contaminated medical instrumentation

Front 22

tests to ID S.malt?

Back 22

Growth on MAC =positive
Oxidase = negative
OF maltose = positive
OF glucose = variable
Lysine decarboxylase = positive

Front 23

S. malt has _____pigment on BAP?

Back 23

yellow

May have an ammonia smell

Front 24

the organism love maltose?

Back 24

S.malt

Front 25

which two Non-fermentive GNR are the important pathogens in CF patients?

Back 25

Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 26

Media used to isolate B. cepacia from respiratory secretions of CF pts?

Back 26

Pseudomonas cepacia (PC) Agar
Lactose (OFPBL) agar
B. cepacia Selective Agar,

Front 27

**B. cepacia:
Lysine = ?
Arginine = ?

Back 27

Lysine = positive
Arginine = negative

Front 28

which organism Causes melioidosis, which has several forms, skin and internal organ abscesses, sepsis and septic shock, acute pulmonary dz?

Back 28

B. cepacia

Front 29

pathogencity of Chryseobacterium meningosepticum?

Back 29

1. Not part of normal flora, but can colonize patients respiratory tract during extended hospital stay

2. Causes meningitis and pneumonia outbreaks in neonates and the immunocompromised
Can also cause bacteremia


3..Can be transmitted from person to person

Front 30

Key characteristics of Chryseobacterium meningosepticum?

Back 30

Oxidase = positive
OF glucose = oxidizer
Growth on MAC= positive but very poor growth
Indole = positive
Motility = negative
OF mannitol = oxidizer

Front 31

Chryseobacterium meningospeticum produce____colonies on BAP?

Back 31

yellow

Front 32

Moraxella species is normal flora in respiratory tract, true or false?

Back 32

true

Front 33

Key characteristics of Moraxella species?

Back 33

Oxidase = positive
Assacharolytic
Gram negative coccoid/rods
PEN disk test susceptible= elongates into GNR in the presence of 10µg PEN

Growth on MAC= variable (slow) or negative
Motility = negative

Front 34

king chart:

Glucose oxidizers, MAC positive, Oxidase negative : the organism are______?

Back 34

Acinetobacter baumanni
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Burkholderia mallei

Front 35

King chart:

Glucose oxidizers, MAC positive, Oxidase Positive: the organisms are______?

Back 35

Achromobacter (Alcaligenes) xylosoxidans
B. cepacia
B. pseudomallei
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
P. fluorescens
P. putida
P. stutzeri

Front 36

King’s Chart:

Glucose oxidizers, MAC negative, Oxidase positive:

the organisms are________?

Back 36

Chryseobacterium meningosepticum
C. indologenes

Front 37

King chart:

Glucose non-oxidizers, MAC positive, Oxidase negative:

the organisms are_____?

Back 37

Acinetobacter lwoffi

Front 38

king chart:

Glucose non-oxidizers, MAC positive, Oxidase positive

the organisms are_____?

Back 38

Alcaligenes faecalis (A. odorans)
Flavobacterium odoratum

Front 39

king chart"

Glucose non-oxidizers, MAC negative, Oxidase positive

the organisms are____?

Back 39

Moraxella species