Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Identify: Thyrohyoid, basihyoid, keratohyoid, epihyoid, and stylohyoid bones
Which bone is unpaired (crosses midline)? |
The basihyoid bone is singular and crosses the midline.
|
|
Identify: Epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage
|
|
|
Identify: Ventricular saccule, soft palate, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, proximal esophagus, and trachea
|
|
|
|
What is the normal position of the trachea in relation to the spine in the cervical and thoracic regions?
How does neck position alter tracheal position? |
Cervical-parallel to the spine
Thoracic-deviates ventrally Tracheal position changes in conjunction with neck position, ie. flexion of the neck will cause ventral displacement of the trachea. |
|
|
What are three ways to estimate normal tracheal size?
|
1. Equal to the diameter of the cricoid cartilage.
2. Wider than the proximal aspect of the third rib. 3. Ratio of tracheal diameter to thoracic inlet-varies by breed. |
|
|
What differentiates a VD thoracic view from a DV thoracic view?
|
VD-diaphragm appears as three separate curves.
DV-diaphragm appears as one curve. |
|
|
What are the differences between left lateral and right lateral recumbancy? Which lung lobes are seen on each view?
|
Differences:
1. Crus of the diaphragm on the dependent side will be cranially displaced (ie. left crus is displaced on a left lateral). 2. Caudal vena cava always enters the right crus. This will be cranial on a right lateral, and caudal on a left lateral. 3. Gas pattern will be in the fundus of the stomach on right lateral, and in the pylorus on left lateral. The non-dependent lung fields are seen on lateral view (left fields are seen on right lateral, and vise versa.) |
|
What common normal deviation is seen on this radiograph?
|
|
|
What common normal deviation is seen on this radiograph?
|
|
|
|
What are the major differences between inspiratory and expiratory thoracic radiographs? Why are inspiratory radiographs preferred?
|
Differences:
1. Inspiratory radiographs will have a triangle between the diaphragm and the heart base. 2. The lumbodiaphragmatic angle (lateral) and costodiaphragmatic angle (VD/DV) will be further caudal on inspiration. Inspiratory radiographs are preferred because they provide better contrast between lung parenchyma and vascular structures. Expiratory radiographs can appear excessively white, mimicking diffuse lung disease. |
|
Identify: Ribs, thoracic vertebrae and sternebrae, costodiaphragmatic angle, diaphragmatic crura, diaphragmatic cupula, and overlapping structures of the arm.
|
|
|
Identify: Ribs, thoracic vertebra, lumbodiaphragmatic angle, sternebrae (including named bones and number of bones), diaphragmatic crura, diaphragmatic cupula, and overlying arm structures.
|
|
|
Identify: Cranial, middle, and caudal mediastinal boundaries; trachea, esophagus (general location if air-filled), aorta, caudal vena cava, heart, thymus, and cranial mediastinal reflection.
|
|
|
Identify: Cranial, middle and caudal mediastinal divisions; trachea, aorta, caudal vena cava, heart, thymus, and caudal mediastinal reflection.
|
|
|
Identify: The locations of the sternal, cranial mediastinal, and tracheobronchial lymphnodes
|
Note: these are not seen in healthy animals.
|
|
Identify the general locations of the lung lobes.
|
Note: Fissures between lung lobes should not be visible in the non-diseased animal.
|
