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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
QUESTION: What type of connective tissue is Cartilage?
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ANSWER:
- Rigid but uncalcified matrix - avascular |
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QUESTION:
How does Cartilage follow the model of other connective tissues? |
ANSWER:
- has cells lying in an intercellular matrix (fibers + ground substance) |
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QUESTION:
What are the cells in the intercellular matrix, and what are the matrix fibers? |
ANSWER:
The cell types are chondroblasts and chondrocytes. The matrix fibers are type I collagen, type II collagen and elastic fibers |
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QUESTION:
What is the ground substance made up of? |
ANSWER:
Proteoglycans and adhesive glycoproteins, chondronectin is the most important |
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QUESTION:
What are the 3 types of Cartilage? |
ANSWER:
Hyaline - most prevalent * Elastic Fibrocartilage |
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QUESTION:
What are the 3 locations where Hyaline cartilage can be found? |
ANSWER:
1- respiratory conducting passageways 2- tissue that makes up prenatal long bones 3- covers epiphyses of adult long bones |
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QUESTION:
What are the corresponding functions of Hyaline cartilage? |
ANSWER:
To maintain the patency of respiratory conducting passageways, permit growth of fetal skeleton, provide a model for developing long bones, to provide a smooth surface on articular surfaces |
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QUESTION:
What does cartilage arise from? |
ANSWER:
mesenchyme |
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QUESTION:
Describe the process of cartilage development |
ANSWER:
mesenchymal cells divide - become closely packed, spherical chondroblasts. They secrete cartilage matrix. Chondrocytes are chondroblasts surrounded by cartilage matrix. They continue secreting matrix and are pushed apart. |
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QUESTION:
Where are chondrocytes located in the cartilage? |
ANSWER:
lacunae, which are small cavities within the matrix |
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QUESTION:
In Interstitial (endogenous) growth, what happens in young cartilage? |
ANSWER:
-chondrocytes retain their mitotic potential and continue to divide - each dividing cell produces a small group of cells close to one another |
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QUESTION:
What are isologous or isogenous groups (or nests)? |
ANSWER:
Small groups of chondrocytes arising from the proliferation of a single parent cell |
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QUESTION:
What does the mesenchyme surounding developing cartilage become? |
ANSWER:
its perichondrium |
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QUESTION:
What is perichondrium? |
ANSWER:
A layer of vascular fibrous connective tissue surrounding fragments of cartilage, provides nutritional needs by diffusion |
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QUESTION:
What does the inner layer of perichondrium contain? |
ANSWER:
chondroblasts which are chondroprogenitor cells |
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QUESTION:
What happens in Appositional growth? |
ANSWER:
Chondroprogenitor cells divide and become chondrocytes, subperichondrial cartilage is deposited on the surface of the cartilage. |
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QUESTION:
What is the shape of young chondrocytes? What is the shape of older chondrocytes? |
ANSWER:
Young- near the surface of cartilage, relatively flat (ellpitical). Older- more spherical, they are in lacunae within cartilage matrix |
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QUESTION:
What happens to living chondrocytes during tissue preparation? What happens? |
ANSWER:
-They completely fill the lacunae but shrink during tissue preparation - space forms between chondrocyte and cartilage immediately around lacunae |
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QUESTION:
Characteristics of active chondrocytes? |
ANSWER:
- large, spherical, vesicular nuclei - synthesize hyaline cartilage matrix |
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Why is hyaline cartilage matrix BASOPHILIC?
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because of its type II collagen fibers and heavily sulfated ground substance
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Collagen is almost _____ of the dry weight of cartilage.
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half
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Compared to Type I collagen, what does Type II collagen contain more of?
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Hydroxylysine (which is basophilic)
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Chondroitin sulfate is ______, so it is basophilic.
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Acidic
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Why is the capsule (territorial matrix) bordering the lacunae intensely basophilic?
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It is RICHER in glycosaminoglycans and POORER in collagen than the interterritorial matrix
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What gives the matrix its rigidity?
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Proteoglycan aggregates:
- hyaluronic acid chains link core proteins of many proteoglycan monomers - chondroitin sulfate side chains bind to collagen |
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How do the large aggregate (or aggrecan) molecules attract water molecules?
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they create negative charges that attract the cation, sodium, and water is attracted. The heavily hydrated matrix resists compression
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How much of the wet weight of cartilage is water?
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80%
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What are the effects of the avascularity of cartilage matrix?
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Its vitality depends on diffusion of nutrients from surrounding tissues, limiting the size of some chondroid structures.
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What are the properties of Elastic cartilage?
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Contains both elastic and collagen fibers
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What is the function of elastic cartilage?
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Provides support coupled with flexibility and elasticity.
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Locations of elastic cartilage?
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External ear, auditory tube, epliglottis, some laryngeal cartilages
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What else does the cartilage matrix contain?
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- adhesive glycoproteins
- chondronectins (link cells to collagen - glycosaminoglycans |
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How does elastic cartilage look in its fresh condition?
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Yellow
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Describe the staining properties of the elastic fibers
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resorcin fushsin- intensely purple
Verhoeff hematoxylin- black orcein- red/brown |
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Does Fibrocartilage exist independently? What does it lack?
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No, it does not exist independently- lacks a perichondrium.
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What are the features of Fibrocartilage?
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Has features of both hyaline cartilage and dense fibrous connective tissue, may blend into adjacent tissues
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How does the matrix of Fibrocartilage stain, and why?
How are the chondrocytes oriented? |
Slightly eosinophilic (because of type I collagen content)
There are rows of chondrocytes in lacunae. |
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Describe the type I collagen fibers; what are they similar to?
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Type I collagen fibers are in dense bundles, similar to those in dense fibrous connective tissue
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Function of fibrocartilage?
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strong support, tensile strength
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Where can you find fibrocartilage?
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- Intervertebral discs
- Intra-articular discs - attachments of tendons and ligaments to bone - symphysis pubica |
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Where is fibrocartilage best visualized- what structure is formed here?
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Intervertebral discs, it forms the annulus fibrosus which surrounds the gelatinous nucleus pulposus (in concentric layers, blends into adjacent hyaline cartilage)
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