Neuroscience Midterm 2

Front 1

Neuron

Back 1

Specialized cells that carry messages throughout the nervous system

Front 2

Afferent Neurons

Back 2

Relay information from the senses to the brain and spinal cord

Hint 2

Sensory

Front 3

Efferent Neurons

Back 3

Sends information from the central nervous system to the glands and muscles, enabling body movements

Hint 3

Motor

Front 4

Interneurons

Back 4

Carry information between neurons

Front 5

Cell body

Back 5

The metabolic centre of the Neurons, enclosed by the semipermeable cell membrane

Front 6

Dendrites

Back 6

The branches extending from the cell body, which receive most of the signals from other neurons

Hint 6

“the glue”

Front 7

Axons

Back 7

The slender extensions that projects from the cell body and transmits signals to other neurons

Front 8

Myelin sheath

Back 8

The fatty coating on some axons that aid in insulation

Front 9

Nodes of Ranvier

Back 9

The gaps in the myelin sheath

Front 10

Terminal buttons

Back 10

Sprouts from the axon that end in bulbous axon terminals

Hint 10

Black widow

Front 11

Glial Cells

Back 11

What holds neurons together

Hint 11

Curare

Front 12

The roles of glial cells

Back 12

Blood-brain barrier, waste system management, myelin, can I’m some cases “act like a neuron”

Front 13

Action potential

Back 13

Stimulated channels in the membrane open, positively charged sodium ions enter, shift in electrical charge

Hint 13

Flight or fright

Front 14

Refractory period

Back 14

When the channels close

Hint 14

Antidepressants / anxiety

Front 15

All-or-none law

Back 15

The Neuron either fires or it doesn’t, the intensity is conveyed by the rapidity of firing

Hint 15

“Runner’s high”

Front 16

Synapse

Back 16

Where the neurons meet, inside the vesicles where the neurotransmitters are

Front 17

Structures at the synapse

Back 17

Axon terminal, synaptic vesicles

Front 18

Neurotransmitters

Back 18

Transmit information between neurons

Hint 18

(Sleep/wake & arousal )

Front 19

Agonists

Back 19

Excite, increasing the likelihood of firing

Hint 19

The four F’s

Front 20

Antagonist

Back 20

Oppose- decreases likelihood of firing

Front 21

Dopamine

Back 21

Excited and inhibits mood, movement, and reinforcement

Front 22

Norepinephrine

Back 22

Affects eating habits, alertness, and wakefulness.

Front 23

Serotonin

Back 23

Plays role in regulating mood, sleep, impulsivity, aggression, and appetite

Hint 23

Left and right

Front 24

GABA

Back 24

Controls anxiety, involved in sleep and reducing arousal

Front 25

Glutamate

Back 25

Most common neurotransmitter, involved in learning memory and many other functions

Front 26

Endorphins

Back 26

Relieves pain and produces feelings of pleasure and well beings

Front 27

Central Nervous System

Back 27

Contains the brain and the spinal cord

Front 28

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 28

Somatic & Autonomic Nervous system

Front 29

3 major sections of the brain

Back 29

The hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain

Front 30

The hindbrain

Back 30

Located at the back of the brain, closest to the spinal column, contains the medulla cerebellum, and the pons

Front 31

Medulla

Back 31

Closest to the spinal cord, control vital bodily functions and reflexes

Front 32

Cerebellum

Back 32

Sits on the spinal cord and drops down, controlling bodily balance and muscular coordination

Front 33

Pons

Back 33

Assists in the control of movement, functioning as a relay mechanisms

Front 34

Midbrain

Back 34

Contains the neural centres that control some motor reactions/movements

Front 35

Reticular formation

Back 35

Regulated attention and alertness

Front 36

Forebrain

Back 36

The largest and most complex regions

Front 37

Thalamus

Back 37

Relay system for all sensory information ( minus smell )

Front 38

Hypothalamus

Back 38

Regulation of basic biological needs

Front 39

Pituitary Gland

Back 39

Responsible for hormone control

Front 40

Limbic system

Back 40

Is a multi component system covering memory (hippocampus) and emotion/fear (amygdala)

Front 41

Basal Ganglia

Back 41

Constellation of components covering cognition

Front 42

Cerebral Cortex

Back 42

Covers the cerebral hemispheres, responsible for higher mental processes

Front 43

Cerebrum

Back 43

Two cerebral hemispheres

Front 44

Frontal lobe

Back 44

Located in the front of the brain, controls the motor cortex (planning and movement)

Front 45

Parietal lobe

Back 45

Somatosensory complex

Front 46

Occipital lobe

Back 46

Located at the back of the brain, is the primary visual Cortex

Front 47

Temporal lobe

Back 47

Primary auditory complex

Front 48

Corpus collusum

Back 48

Connects two hemispheres

Front 49

Left hemisphere

Back 49

Contains language, mathematics etc

Front 50

Right hemisphere

Back 50

Creative side

Front 51

Broca’s area

Back 51

Production of speech

Front 52

Wernicke’s area

Back 52

Comprehensions Of language

Front 53

Plasticity

Back 53

The ability of the brain to reorganize and compensate for brain damage

Front 54

EEG

Back 54

Measures electrical activity in the brain

Front 55

EEG

Back 55

Measures electrical activity in the brain

Front 56

CT Scan

Back 56

X-ray type images

Front 57

MRIs

Back 57

Uses magnets, scans, and builds a 2-D and 3-D image

Front 58

MRIs

Back 58

Uses magnets, scans, and builds a 2-D and 3-D image

Front 59

Pet Scan

Back 59

Small dose of radioactive substance injected

Front 60

Function MRI

Back 60

Based on the amount of oxygen in the blood

Front 61

Substantia Nigra

Back 61

Connects midbrain with forebrain