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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Head dermatome
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v3
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Foot dermatome
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L5
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Arm dermatome
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C7
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Coricospinal tract
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motor: PCG-IC-PD-CST-VH-MM
Non head |
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primarily controls muscle tone and reflexes e.g. posture
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Extrapyramidal System (Indirect)
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head motor pathway
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corticobulbar pathway
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VII ipsilateral
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upper face only
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VII contralateral
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whole face
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CN 9, 10, 11 nuclei
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nuclei ambiguus
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the idea of movement and the motor expression of that idea.
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basal ganglia
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basal ganglia consists of
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putamen
caudate nucleus globus pallidus amygdala substantia nigra |
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shapes the motor act as it is conceived and as it is executed. regulates timing of contractions. fine motor control
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cerebellum
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Mastication motor functions (3)
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precentral gyrus, brainstem pattern generator, oral cavity
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Central pattern generator
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1. fictive movements (organized rhythmical motor patterns)
chewing cycle swallowing 2. location in brainstem |
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spastic paralysis
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upper motor neuron lesion
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exaggerated reflexes
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upper motor neuron lesion
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moderate atrophy
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upper motor neuron lesion
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flaccid paralysis
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lower motor neuron lesion
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absence of reflexes
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lower motor neuron lesion
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marked atrophy
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lower motor neuron lesion
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attacks motor neurons to paralysis, but still cognitive.
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amytrophic lateral sclerosis (lou gehrigs)
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tremor at rest due to lack of dopamine.
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parkinsons
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in parkinsons, cells within the ___________ die off, creating large _________
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substantia nigra
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signs: bradykenesia, muscles start and stop slowly
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parkinsons
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signs: ataxia, intention tremor
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cerebellar dysfunction
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fine motor control - no coordination
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cerebellar dysfuncion
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spastic movements compensated by dancing- caused by excessive amounts of dopamine. (genetic onset)
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huntingtons chorea
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extrapyramidal signs of lip smacking and tongue thrusting
repetitive and constant |
tardive dyskinesia
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CNS preganglionic nuclei: CNIII
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Edinger-westphal n.
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CNS preganglionic nuclei: CNVII
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Superior salivatory n.
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CNS preganglionic nuclei: CNIX
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Inferior salivatory n.
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CNS preganglionic nuclei: CNVII
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lacrimal n.
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CNS preganglionic nuclei: CNX
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dorsal vagal n.
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limbic system (7)
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1. hypothalamus
2. cinguate cortex 3. insular cortex 4. hippocampus (and parahippocampal gyrus) 5. septal nn 6. amygdala 7. nucleus accumbens |
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pleasure center
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septal nn.
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fear motor center
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amygdala
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responsible for addiction
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nucleus accumbens
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CNS Control (2)
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Limbic system
Nucleus of the solitary tract |
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Peripheral Local Control
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Neurotransmiters
presynaptic autoreceptors local histamine factors |
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Local control transmitters
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neuropeptide Y and ATP (sympathetics)
VIP and NO (parasympathetics) |
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thoracolumbar (T1-L2)
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Sympathetics
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craniosacral (3,7,9,10)
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parasympathetics
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autonimic dysfunction with major vasoconstriction in extremities
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raynauds disease
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no blood brain barrier in puke center
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area postrema
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OBEX is where the _________ is
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central pattern generator
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Area 4
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Motor
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Area 6
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Premotor function
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Area 1, 2, 3
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Sensory
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Sensory area properties:
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2 pt discrimination
Stereognosis Graphesthesia |
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Graphesthesia
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ability to recognize writing on the skin purely by the sensation of touch.
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Stereognosis
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the ability to perceive the form of an object by using the sense of touch.
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Area 43
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secondary sensorycortex (redundancy and back up system)
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Area 22
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Wernickes aphasia
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Wernickes aphasia
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Receptive aphasia - cannot understand so cant express self. (on temporal lobe, surrounds primary auditory cortex. )
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Area 44, 45
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Brocas aphasia
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Brocas aphasia
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Expressive aphasia - communication only on left side of brain, cannot speak properly.
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Area 39
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dyslexia - inability to recognize written words
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Area 40
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inability to write
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inability to transform language
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aphasia
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inability to transform sensory stimuli
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agnosia
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Agnosia dysfunctions (3)
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Visual agnosia
Contralateral (unilateral) neglect Prosopagnosia |
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contralateral neglect
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lesion in parietal lobe outside the post central gyrus effects interpretation and ignores one half of visual world. No details.
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Prosopagnosia
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disorder of face perception where the ability to recognize faces is impaired, while the ability to recognize other objects may be relatively intact
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Scotoma
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blind spot - shrinkage of peripheral field
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prefrontal lobe syndrome symptoms: 4
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1. personality changes
2. problem solving 3. primitive reflexes elicited 4. abulia (no social involvement) |
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blood to the internal capsule is provided by ________
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lateral striate arteries
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striate arteries cause
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aneurysms, bleeding, hemorrhage
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middle cerebral artery supplies to
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pre and post central gyrus (shoulder, arm and head)
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anterior cerebral artery supplies
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pre and post central gyrus -everything except the shoulder, arm and head.
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two pain system
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lateral spinothalamic tract
paleospinothalamic tract |
