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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Network of nerves (and their ganglia) throughout the body (excluding brain and spinal cord)
Autonomic Nervous System
Controls involuntary actions. Consists of three divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Prepares you for action. 4 Fs: Fight, Flight, Fright, Fornication
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Conserves energy. Relaxation, reduced heart rate, increased energy stores, etc.SLUD: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation.
Enteric Nervous System
Supports digestion. Layers of neurons (80-100 mill) about as many as in spinal cord. Brain like. Runs with little input from the other nervous system divisions.
Blood Brain Barrier
A specialization of the walls of brain capillaries that limits the movement of blood borne substances into the extracellular fluid of the brain.
Meninges
(sing: meninx) Three membranes that cover the surface of the central nervous system: the dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater.
Cell membranes
separates the intracellular and the extracellular
Neurons
the information-processing cell of the nervous system; also called nerve cell. Most neurons use action potentials to send signals over a distance, and all neurons communicate with one another using synaptic transmission.
Dendrites
A neurite specialized to receive synaptic inputs from other neurons.
Dendritic spines
A small sac of membrane that protrudes from the dendrites of some cells and receives synaptic input.
Soma
Cell body; the central region of the neuron containing the nucleus.
Axons
A neurite specialized to conduct nerve impulses, or action potentials, normally away from the soma.
Synapse
The region of contact where a neuron transfers information to another cell
Receptors
A specialized protein that detects chemical signals, such as neurotransmitters, and initiates a cellular response.
Transporters
Membrane proteins that transport neurotransmitters, or their precursors, across membranes to concentrate them in either presynaptic cytosol or synaptic vesicles.
Ion channels
Membrane-spanning protein that forms a pore that allows the passage of ions from one side of the membrane to the other.
Enzymes
.
Transcription
The process of synthesizing a messenger RNA molecule according to genetic instructions encoded in the DNA
Translation
The process of synthesizing a protein molecule according to genetic instructions carried by a messenger RNA molecule.
Glial cells
Support cell in the nervous system (structural support, insulation, debris removal, development). Outnumber neurons 10:1
Astrocytes
Glial cells in the brain that support neurons and reulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment. form the blood brain barrier
Oligodendrocytes
Glial cells of the CNS, provide myelin
Schwann cells
glial cell that provides myelin for the PNS
Microglia
Glial cells that remove debris
Myelin
Membranous wrapping, or sheath, around axons provided by oligodendroglia in the central nervous system and shwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
Sensory neurons
Receive information, translate energy in the environment into electricity
Interneurons
Organized in networks that process information transforming in ways that permit perception, cognition, etc.
Motor neurons
Send electrical messages from PNS to CNS to provoke behavior
Resting potential
voltage across the membrane at rest. (Voltage of inside w/ respect to outside)
Sodium potassium pump
Maintains the concentration gradient by pushing 3Na and 2K across the membrane against the concentration gradient
Nongated sodium channel
Always open, lets Na pass through the membrane along the concentration gradient until Ena
Nongated potassium channel
Always open, lets K pass through the membrane along the concentration gradient until Ek
Electrical force
Opposites attract, like charges repel
Concentration gradient force
High concentration moves to low concentration
Depolarization
A change in membrane potential taking it from the resting potential to a less negative value
Hyperpolarization
A change in membrane potential taking it from the resting potential to a more negative value
Electric current
Movement of charged ions, the "language" of neurons
Action potential
How electrical messages are transmitted inside neuron. A rapid change in potential difference across neuronal membrane, caused by movements of ions.
Voltage gated sodium channel
Activated when membrane potential crosses threshold.
Voltage gated potassium channel
.
Propagation of the action potential
Concentration gradient and electrical forces moving sodium along the neuron, depolarizing and setting off further action potentials