Neurobio Test 1 Flash Cards

Front 1

Hypothalamus

Back 1

Below thalamus, above brain stem; ventral diencephalon; regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue and circadian cycles

Front 2

Thalamus

Back 2

Between cerebral cortex and midbrain; relays sensation and motor signals to cerebral cortex; regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness

Front 3

Hippocrates

Back 3

"Brain is seat of Intelligence"

Front 4

Galen

Back 4

Art of dissection, four humors;
cerebrum: sensation
cerebellum: motor

Front 5

Vesalius

Back 5

continued idea of mechanical fluid idea; hydraulic machinery

Front 6

Descartes

Back 6

"Humans posses intellect and God-given soul"

Front 7

Willis

Back 7

Circle of Willis

Front 8

Robert Hooke

Back 8

Microscope

Front 9

James Parkinson

Back 9

"Essay on the Shaking Palsy"

Front 10

Luigi Galvani and Emil Du-Bois Reymond

Back 10

electrical signals in nerves

Front 11

Charles Bell and Francois Magendie

Back 11

Functional anatomy of nerve roots

Front 12

Joseph Gall

Back 12

Phrenology (studied bumps on brain)

Front 13

Paul Broca

Back 13

Cortical Localization

Front 14

Darwin

Back 14

Natural selection;
behavior and fear
animal models developed

Front 15

Theodor Schwann

Back 15

Cell theory; the neuron

Front 16

Neurologist

Back 16

An M.D. trained to diagnose and treat diseases of the nervous system

Front 17

Psychiatrist

Back 17

An M.D. trained to diagnose and treat disorders of mood and personality

Front 18

Neurosurgeon

Back 18

An M.D. trained to perform surgery on the brain and spinal cord

Front 19

Neuropathologist

Back 19

An M.D. or Ph.D. trained to recognize the changes in nervous tissue that result from disease

Front 20

Alzheimer's Disease

Back 20

A progressive degenerative disease of the brain, characterized by dementia and always fatal

Front 21

Cerebral Palsy

Back 21

A motor disorder caused by damage to the cerebrum at the time of birth

Front 22

Depression

Back 22

A serious disorder of mood, characterized by insomnia, loss of appetite and feelings of dejection

Front 23

Epilepsy

Back 23

A conditioned characterized by periodic disturbances of brain electrical activity that can lead to seizures

Front 24

Multiple sclerosis

Back 24

A progressive disease that affects nerve conduction, characterized by episodes of weakness, lack of coordination and speech disturbance

Front 25

Parkinson's Disease

Back 25

A progressive disease of the brain that leads to difficulty in initiating voluntary movement

Front 26

Schizophrenia

Back 26

A severe psychotic illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations and bizarre behavior

Front 27

Spinal paralysis

Back 27

A loss of feeling and movement caused by traumatic damage to the spinal cord

Front 28

Stroke

Back 28

A loss of brain function caused by disruption of the blood supply, usually leading to permanent sensory, motor, or cognitive deficit

Front 29

Golgi and Cajal

Back 29

nervous system structure

Front 30

Eccles, Hodgkin and Huxley

Back 30

ionic mechanisms involved in inhibition and excitation of nerve cell membrane

Front 31

Bergstrom, Vane and Bergstrom

Back 31

Discovery concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances

Front 32

Neher and Sakmann

Back 32

Discovery concerning function of single ion channels in cells

Front 33

Axel and Buck

Back 33

discovery of odorant receptors and organization of olfactory system

Front 34

Olfactory Bulb

Back 34

involved in olfaction and perception of odors

Front 35

Optic nerve

Back 35

transmit info from retina to brain; right by optic chiasm

Front 36

cranial nerves

Back 36

nerves that emerge directly from brain stem

Front 37

medulla

Back 37

lower half of brain stem; contains cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers; deals with autonomic functions of breathing, heart rate and blood pressure

Front 38

pons

Back 38

conducts signals down to cerebellum and medulla; carries sensory signals up into thalamus

Front 39

mamillary bodies

Back 39

function as part of limbic system; relay impulses from amygdala and hippocampus to the thalamus

Front 40

Hypothalamus

Back 40

regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, and circadian cycles

Front 41

optic tract

Back 41

runs from optic chiasm to lateral geniculate nucleus

Front 42

optic chiasm

Back 42

half info from each eye crosses and half stays on same side

Front 43

Olfactory nerve

Back 43

#1; sensory; sense of smell

Front 44

Optic nerve

Back 44

#2; sensory; vision

Front 45

Oculomotor nerve

Back 45

#3; motor; eye movements; papillary constriction and accommodation; muscles of eyelid

Front 46

Trochlear nerve

Back 46

#4; motor; eye movements

Front 47

Trigeminal nerve

Back 47

#5; sensorimotor; somatic sensation from the face, mouth and cornea; muscles of mastication

Front 48

Abducens nerve

Back 48

#6; motor; eye movements

Front 49

Facial nerve

Back 49

#7; sensorimotor; controls muscles of facial expression; taste from anterior tongue; lacrimal and salivary glands

Front 50

Vestibular-cocchlear

Back 50

#8; sensory; hearing; sense of balance

Front 51

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Back 51

#9; sensorimotor; sensation from pharynx; taste from posterior tongue; carotid baroreceptors

Front 52

Vagus nerve

Back 52

#10; sensorimotor; autonomic functions of gut; sensation from pharynx; muscles of vocal cords; swallowing

Front 53

Spinal accesory nerve

Back 53

#11; motor; shoulder and neck muscles

Front 54

Hypoglossal nerve

Back 54

#12; motor; movements of tongue

Front 55

Three membranes surrounding brain

Back 55

pia mater, (subarachnoid space) arachnoid, dura mater

Front 56

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 56

filled caverns and canals inside brain

Front 57

choroid plexus

Back 57

specialized tissues in ventricles that secretes CSF

Front 58

Hounsfield and Cormack

Back 58

CT scan; xray image of brain

Front 59

MRI

Back 59

Magnetic Resonance Imaging; more detail than CT; no xray; brain at any slice; image of books authors

Front 60

fMRI and PET scan

Back 60

detect changes in blood flow; more blood flow to active regions

Front 61

amygdala

Back 61

processing and memory of emotional reactions

Front 62

hippocampus

Back 62

creation of long term memories

Front 63

tectum

Back 63

responsible for auditory and visual reflexes

Front 64

tegmentum

Back 64

unconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways

Front 65

basal forebrain

Back 65

acetylcholine production

Front 66

cortical white matter

Back 66

myelinated nerve cells; carry impulses throughout brain

Front 67

tegmentum

Back 67

voluntary motor control (red nucleus and substantia nigra)