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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
trigeminal sensory nucleus
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extends the whole length of the brainstem and into the cervical spinal cord.
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cochlear and vestibular nuclei
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located in the medulla, in and near the lateral part of the floor of the fourth ventricle
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nucleus solitarus
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in the medulla, visceral afferents, include taste fibers
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oculomotor nucleus
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lies in the ventral apex of the periaqueductal grey of midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus
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trochlear nucleus
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lies in the midbrain, at the ventral border of the periaqueductal grey, at the level of the inferior colliculus
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abducens nucleus
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located in caudal pons beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle
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hypoglossal nucleus
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in themedulla
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trigeminal motor nucleus
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in the tegmentum of the mid-pons
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facial motor nucleus
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in the caudal pontine tegmentum
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nucleus ambiguous
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within the medulla
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Edinger-Westphal
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the most rostral cell group, lies in the midbrain periaqueductal grey adjacent to the oculomotor nucleus. controls ciliary muscles that serve to control the pupil
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dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
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lies in the medulla, its rostral portion lies immediately beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle, lateral to the hypoglossal nucleus
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oculomotor nerve
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motor. serves all of the extraocular muscles of the eye with the exception of the superior oblique and lateral rectus. it elevates, depresses and adducts (medial) theeye
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pretectal area
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rostral to the superior colliculus, receives sensory information regarding light reflex in pupil. its fibers projct to Edinger-Westphal nuclei
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trochlear nerve
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motor. supplies the superior oblique muscle which moves the eyeball downwards and medially
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abducens nerve
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motor. supplies the lateral rectus muscle which abducts the eye (outward)
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trigeminal nerve
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sensorymotor. V1 ophthalmic, sensory. V2 maxillary, sensory. V3 mandibular sensory and motor.
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shingles
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herpes zoster infection of the sensory roots of the trigeminal nerve, leads to pain and eruption of vesicles in one of the branches
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syringobulbia
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central cavitation of the medulla caudal to the fourth ventricle leads to preferential compressive destruction of decussating trigeminothalmic fibers, causing selective loss of pain and temperature sensibility in the face.
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facial nerve
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sensorymotor. supply taste sensation from the anterior two thirds of the tongue, floor of mouth and palate, sensation of external ear.
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cerebellopontine angle
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where the facial nerve joins the brainstem at the ventrolateral aspect of the caudal pons, near the pontomedullary junction
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Bell's palsy
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acute unilateral inflammatory lesion of the facial nerve. pain experienced around the ear and there is paralysis of the facial muscles unilaterally with failure to close the eye, an absent corneal reflex, hyperacusis on affected side, loss of taste sensation in the anterior two thirds of the tongue
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Ramsay Hunt syndrome
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when the herpes zoster virus is the inflammatory agent, a vesicular rash is apparent in the external auditory canal and the mucous membrane of the oropharynx. type of bell's palsy
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medial longitudinal fasiculus
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extends throughout the brainstem and into the spinal cord. concerned with posture and balance
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superior olivary nucleus
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inhibitory function and serve to modulate transmission of auditory information to the cochlear nerve
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Glossopharyngeal nerve
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sensorymotor. sensation in the pharynx, posterior third of tongue, eustachian tube, taste buds of pharynx, gag reflex, swallowing
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vagus nerve
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sensorymotor. sensaton in the pharynx, larynx, tympnic membrane, chemorecptors in heart, abdominal viscera. motor fibers innervate muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, upper part of the esophagus
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accessory nerve
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motor. innervates muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx, spinal root innervates the muscles of head and shoulders
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hypoglossal nerve
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motor. innervates muscles of the tongue, reflex movements of chewing, sucking, swallowing.
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motor neuron disease
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chronic disorder in which the corticobulbar tracts degenerate leading to dysphonia, dysphagia (swallowing), dysarthria, weakness and spasticity of tongue
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superior and inferior colliculi
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visual and auditory systems respectively, on dorsal aspect of midbrain
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pyramids
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on ventral surface of the medulla, descending ibers originating in ipsilateral cerebral cortex
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crus cerebri
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on ventral surface of the midbrain, primarily motor in function
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medial lemniscus
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cuneatus and gracilis axons. runs through the rostral medulla, pons, and midbrain
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tegmentum
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dorsal portion of pons
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tectum
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dorsal portion of the midbrain, consists largely of the inferior and superior colliculi
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red nucleus
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at the level of the superior colliculus, central portion of the tegmentum, involved in motor control
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anterior spinal artery
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longitudinal vessel, runs the length of the spinal cord. occlusion leads to an acute thoracic cord syndrome with paraplegia and incontinence, the spinothalami modalities of pain and temperature and lost
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posterior spinal artery
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2 longitudinal vessels run the length of the spinal cord.
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what two pairs of vessels supply the brain?
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the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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