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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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protoplasmic astros
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gray matter
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fibrous astros
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white matter
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oligos derived from
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02A progenitor cells
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choroid plexus concentrated in
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glomus in the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles
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chromatolysis
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response to a down stream axonal injury
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chromatolysis
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response of neuron to downstream axonal injury
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gemistocytic refers to
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astrocyte stuffed with glial filament
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Alexander's disease
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genetic leukoencephalopathy caused by GFAP mutation
glial filament accumulation and astro processes -Rosenthal fibers |
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corpora amylacea
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located in astrocyticprocesses
elderly and those with seizures polyglucosan conjumers |
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tumor with rosettes
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ependymomas
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tumor that can seed CSF and travel the neuroaxis
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ependymoma
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brain tumors are more common in
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men
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most common brain tumor
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meningioma
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most common malignant cancers
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gliomas
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associated with NF2
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meningioma
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tumor arising from arachnoid cap cells
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meningioma
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T2 MRI water is
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water=bright
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appearence of meningioma on t1 contrast
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take up dye and enhance homogenously
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Features that aid in the diagnosis of meningioma
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whorls
psommomma bodies=calcified bodies |
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Primative neuroectodermal tumor
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medulloblastoma
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medulloblastomas arise
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posterior fossa in the cerebellum or near the 4th ventricle
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SHH gene implicated in
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medulloblastoma
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tumor seen in the 4th ventricle that can disseminate via spinal fluid
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medulloblastoma
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small blue cell tumor
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medulloblastoma
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brain tumor that can metastisize to bone
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medulloblastoma
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oligos favorite location
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cortical
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fried egg appearence
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oligo
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chicken wire appearence
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oligo
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loss of these in an oligo is better news
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1p 19q
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petechial hemorrhage causing tumor
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CNS lymphoma
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lymphoma with t1
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lot of contrast uptake deep in the basal ganglia region (enhance homo like meningiomas)
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treatment on lymphoma
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methotrexate the leucovorin given
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tumor with pseudopalasading
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GBM
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gene in a tumor that will fix the actions of temozolomide (an alkylating agent)
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MGMT
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pseudopalisading necrosis distinguishes
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GBM
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primary GBM vs. secondary
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primary arises de novo
secondary arises from a 2 or 3 |
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has a loss of p53
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secondary GBM
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primary GBMs can amplify/lose
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EGFR, PTEN p16, RB
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perinuclear halo characteristic of
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oligo
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can have mitotic figures and still be grade II, but ____ will make them grade III
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oligo, angiogenesis
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rosettes are found in
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ependymoma - true rosette (trying to remake a neural tube)
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order of commonness of glial tumors
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astros, oligos, ependymomas
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loss of tumor supresor gene merlin (controls cellular proliferation) on chromo 22
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meningioma
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can occur in spinal cord
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ependymoma, meningioma
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meningiomas are more common in
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women
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dense core granules
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pituitary adenoma
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expand virchow-robin space since they are angiocentric
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cns lymphoma
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arise primarily in the 3rd ventricle and cause obstruction
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colloid cyst
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mural nodule is in
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pilocytic astrocytoma
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undergo angiogenesis but are still a grade 1
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pilocytic astrocytoma
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pilocytic astrocytoma will kill you if it is in the
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pons or hypothalamus
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Rosenthal fibers
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pilocytic astrocytoma
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childhood tumors
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pilocytic astro
medulloblastoma ependymoma |
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Homer-Wright rossettes
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medulloblastoma
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medulloblastomas come from
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external granular cell layer of the cerebellum
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ependymoma in adult vs. child
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adult= spinal cord
child= 4th ventricle |
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true rosettes and pseudo in
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ependymoma
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cysts lined by squamous epithelium and can produce keratin
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craniopharyngioma
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NF1 chromosome
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17
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NF1 loss of
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neurofibromin (activates ras)
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NF1 has a higher incidence of
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pilocytic astrocytomas and benign glial hamartomas
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NF2 chromo
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22
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NF2 loss of
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merlin
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NF2 has higher incidence of
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astros and meningiomas
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NF3
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visceral form
ganglioneuromas and pheochromocytomas |
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NF inheritance
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dominant
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Verocay bodies
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stackin gof nucleu in a V shape in schwannommas
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tuberous sclerosis chromosome
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9
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tuberous sclerosis causes
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subependymal giant cell astros or astrocytic hamartomas (interfere with normal neuronal migration)
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Schwannomas in NF2s occur at
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the icn at teh cerebellarpontine angle
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PNET examples
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medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma
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neuronal tumors
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gangliocytoma, neurocytoma
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Neural crest origin
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meningiomas, schwannomas, neurofibromas
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invasive astro grades
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2-4
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astros favor
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deep white matter
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meningiomas are more common in
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women
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causes BBB breakdown in meningioma along with neovasc.
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VEGF
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PET is used to see if
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the tumor is hypermetabolic
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color of CSF in t1 weighted
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black
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color of CSF in t2
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white
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brain edema is ___ in t2 and tumors are
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white, darker
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high choline with a low NAA is consistent with
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malignancy
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medulloblastoma on t1
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hypointense (everything else seemed to be hyper)
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