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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what is a pathologic finding of babinski's sign?
dorsiflexion of the big toe
. The student will be able to measure and record visual acuity according to generally agreed upon conventions
Eye chart for visual acuity testing. Standard distances are 20 feet for a wall chart and 14 inches for a hand-held card.

Read down to the smallest characters possible or until reaching the 20/20 line, whichever comes first. The acuity is the last line correctly read.

say they read like all of the letters but miss 1 or 2 you say 20/20 minus (assuming they read at the 20 20 line)
a cut at the optic nerve would cause what visual problem?
a cut at the optic chiasm would cause what visual problem?
a cut at the optic tract would cause what visual problem?
left homonomous hemianopia
right temporal damage could cause what visual damage?
4
what system is responsible for constricting the pupil?
PNS
please diagram the light reflex pathway...is this PNS or SNS?
CN II

pretectal nucleus

Edinger Westphal nucleus

ciliary ganglion

contract pupil

(This is PNS)
please diagram out the sympathetic pathway for pupilary dilation
ipsilateral hypothalamus

synapse at T1 (IML)

travel up the sympathetic chain and to the apex of the lung (look out for horners)

goes to carotid bifurcation but then sends to the pupil for dilation
how can a tumor of the apex of the lung lead to pupil issues?
this is horner's syndrome due to a pancoast tumor

you will see a constricted pupil because the sympathetics (which would normally dilate the pupil) stop at the apex of the lung and are disrupted by the tumor
pt presents with a droopy eyelid and constricted pupil...
ipsilateral sympathetic chain issue--HORNERS

miosis-small pupil

ptosis- droppy eyelid
please list the primary and secondary action of the extraocular muscles. consider what would happen with a lesion
What do CN 6 and 4 do?
LR6SO4

LR (lateral rectus) connected to CN 6
SO (superior oblique) connected to CN 4
Remaining EOMs and levator palpebrae connected to CN 3
right lower face is weak, upper face is fine

is this an upper or lower motor neuron problem

(o)
UPPER
right lower face is weak, upper face is also weak

is this an upper or lower motor neuron problem

(o)
LOWER
The student will be able to grade muscular strength according to the MRC (Medical Research Council) scale.

(o)