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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
week that major divisions of central nervous system are present
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4th week
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first cells to differentiate in the NS
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neurons
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second cells to differentiate in NS
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neuroglia
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cells that transfer information rapidly from one part of a animal's body to another
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neuron
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all the neurons of an organism together with their supporting cells, constitute a ...
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nervous system
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activity of neuron to carry signal from one part of the cell to another
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conduction
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communication between adjacent cells
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synaptic transmission
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wave of electrical depolarization that is propagated within the surface membrane of the neuron
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impulse
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long cytoplasmic processes that end in close apposition to the surfaces of other cells
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neurites
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ends of neurites
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synaptic terminals
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cell-to-cell contacts
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synapses
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conduct toward the cell body
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dendrites
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conduct away from the cell body
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axons
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neuron that discharges its chemical products into the circulating blood
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neurosecretory cells
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first indication of the future NS is the neuroectoderm which contains the ___________ appearing in the dorsal midline of the embryo in the 16 day after fertilization
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neural plate
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forms 2 days after neural plate is formed
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neural groove and neural fold
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fusion of neural groove results in ....
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neural tube
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neuroectodermal cells that are not incorporated into the tube
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neural crests
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thickened regions of the ectoderm of the head's surface that develop into peripheral nervous elements
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placodes
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first populations of cells produced in the neural tube (precursors for neurons)
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neuroblasts
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precursors for the nonneuronal cells of the CNS
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glioblasts
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primary brain vesicles, appearing at the end of the 4th week
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prosencephalon (forebrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain) rhombencephalon (hindbrain) |
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secondary brain vesicles, appearing during week 5
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telencephalon
diencephalon mesencephalon metencephalon myelencephalon |
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longitudinal segments of the early embryonic CNS
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neuromeres
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longitudinal groove in neural tube
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sulcus limitans
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aquires afferent connections and is bordered by the sulcus limitans
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alar plate
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aquires efferent connections and is bordered by the sulcus limitans
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basal plate
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separates the basal laminae of the left and right sides
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floor plate
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mesencephalon
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midbrain
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myelencephalon
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medulla oblongata
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metencephalon
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pons and cerebellum
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prosencephalon
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diencephalon
telencephalon |
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present in neural tube to help to accommodate the initially cylindrical brain in what will eventually be a round head
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flexures
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membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord first appear as a single mesodermally derived....
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primitive meninx
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neural folds do not fuse at the rostral end of the developing neural tube, so that forebrain, cranial vault, and much of the scalp are missing
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anencephaly
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failure of the caudal end of the central nervous system to fuse resulting in extensive exposure of nonfunctional nervous tissue in the lumbosacral region
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myelocele
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myelocele is the most severe type of ...
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spina bifida
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type of spina bifida in which the spinal cord and its adjacent connective tissue ensheathment are intact, but the overlying mesodermal derivatives are not. Dura mater, vertebral arches, and skin are missing.
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meningomyelocele
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if cord remains in the vertebral canal a cyst containing cerebrospinal fluid forms
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meningocele
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dura and skin remain intact, but one or more bony vertebral arches fail to develop
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spina bifida occulta
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cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain if its normal flow is obstructed
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hydrocephalus
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where cell bodies are located
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gray matter
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dorsal region of midbrain which is concerned principally with the visual and auditory systems
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roof or tectum
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two prominent motor nuclei in the midbrain
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red nucleus and substantia nigra
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largest component of the diencephalon and consists ofseveral regions of nuclei, some of which receive data from sensory systems and project to sensory areas of the cerebral cortex
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thalamus
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part of the diencephalon that includes small tracts and nuclei and pineal gland
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epithalamus
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principal autonomic center of the brain and has an important controlling influence over the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
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hypothalamus
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includes sensory tracts that proceed to the thalamus, nerve fibers that originate in the cerebellum and corpus striatum, and the subthalamic nucleus
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subthalamus
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receive data from the olfactory system, which dominates the cerebrum of lower vertebrates
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cerebral cortex
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nine-tenths of the human cerebral cortex including areas for all modalities of sensation, motor areas, and large expanses of association cortex
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neocortex
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part of cortex involved in limbic system
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archicortex
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large mass of gray matter with motor functions situated near the base of each hemisphere
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corpus striatum
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consists of fibers that connect cortical areas of the same hemisphere, fibers that cross the midline to connect cortical areas of the two hemispheres
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medullary centers
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mechanisms of fast antegrade transport
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kinesin/microtubules
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mechanism of slow antegrade transport
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neurotransmitters in vesicles, mitochondria transport unknown
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mechanism of fast retrograde
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dynein/microtubules
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