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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parts of a neuron
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soma
dendrite axon axon terminal |
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sensory neurons
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directly sensitive to various stimuli or receive direct connections from nonneural receptor cells
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motor neurons
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end directly on muscles, glands or other neurons in PNS ganglia
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What happens in the axon hillock?
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site where action potentials are generated
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whats grey matter? (anatomy)
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cell bodies
dendrites |
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Nucleus
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collection of neuronal cell bodies
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cortex
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area where gray matter forms a layered surface that covers some part of the CNS
EX. cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres |
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Ganglia
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local accumulations of nerve cell bodies and supporting cells in the PNS
EX. Dorsal Root Ganglion |
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Fasciculus means
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little bundle
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funiculus means
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string
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lemniscus means
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ribbon
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peduncle means
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little foot
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a tract related to white matter
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spinocerebellar tract
collection of axons with cell bodies in the SC and synaptic endings in the cerebellum |
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Long ascending tracts
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Go to:
BS Cerebellum Cerebrum |
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Most PNS glial cells are variants of
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Schwann Cells
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Function of glial cells in the PNS
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metabolic support and electrical insulation
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what are satellite cells
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flattened schwann cells that surround the neuronal cell bodies in the PNS ganglia
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glial cells of the CNS (4)
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oligodendrocytes
astrocytes microglia ependymal cells |
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function of oligodendrocytes
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forms myelin sheath in the CNS
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Function of astrocytes
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provide mechanical and metabolic support and respond to injury (in CNS)
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Functions of Microglia
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respond to injury (in CNS)
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Function of ependymal cells
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line ventricles (form choroid plexus)
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where's the primary motor cortex?
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precentral gyrus
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function of the prefrontal cortex
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executive functions
personality insight foresight |
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where's the primary somatosensory cortex housed?
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postcentral gyrus
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whats the lymbic system govern?
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emotional responses
drive memory |
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what do association fibers connect?
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cortical areas within a hemisphere
EX. arculate fasciculus |
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what do projection fibers connect?
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cortex and SC/BS
accounts for efferent neurons EX. corona radiata |
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commissural fibers connect what?
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corresponding cortical areas in both hemispheres
EX. corpus collasum |
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what forms the tectum?
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superior colliculus
inferior colliculus |
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what makes up the striatum?
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caudate nucleus
putamen |
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what forms the lentiform nucleus
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putamen
globus pallidus |
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3 parts of the brainstem
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midbrain
pons medulla |
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2 parts of the diencephalon
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thalamus
hypothalamus |
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what fibers connect cortical areas in both hemispheres
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commissural fibers
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hypothalamus functions
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rage, aggression, and escape
regulates body temp, food and water intake, sex, sleep |
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functions of the basal ganglia
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movement coordination
voluntary movement |
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the tegmentum contains what
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all ascending systems of the spinal cord or lower BS
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Descending motor (efferent) connections are
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projection fibers
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what connects cortical areas?
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association fibers that provide 2 way communication
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what makes up the basal ganglia? (5)
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putamen
caudate nucleus globus pallidus substantia nigra subthalamic nucleus |
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cerebellar posterior lobe receives input from where?
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cerebral cortex (afferent)
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input and output of the BG
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In: striatum
Out: globes pallidus and substantial nigra |
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which pathways cross the midline and decussate?
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somatosensory
corticospinal |
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cerebellar anterior lobe receives input from where?
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spinal cord (afferent)
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3 lobes of the cerebellum
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anterior
flocculonodular posterior |
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whats the crus cerebri
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cerebral peduncle
-corticospinal -corticobulbar -corticopontine |
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damage to the caudate and putamen result in
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articulation sequencing deficit
neurogenic stuttering |
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projection fibers form the
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corona radiata
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How is parkinsons disease acquired
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degeneration of the substantia nigra
decreased dopamine hypokinesia |
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how is huntington's chorea acquired
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damage in BG pathway
decreased input to thalamus hyperkinesia |
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what are the 5 association fibers
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superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal arculate uncinate cingulum |
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CNs and cerebral arteries and veins pass thru which space
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arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space
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what adheres to the brain and contains blood supply?
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pia mater
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whats CSF do?
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regulates intracranial pressure
removes waste nourishes the nervous tissue |
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5 parts of the lateral ventricles
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anterior horn
body posterior horn inferior horn atrium |
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3 ways hydrocephalus can occur
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excess production of CSF
blockage of CSF circulation deficiency in CSF reabsorption |
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where do sensory fibers come into the spinal cord?
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dorsal root ganglia
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dorsal columns contain
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ascending sensory fibers
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2 layers of dura
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periosteal layer-on bone
meningeal layer-below ^ |
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what are the 3 openings in the 4th ventricle
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foramen of luschka
middle magendies foramen |
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how does CSF flow from the lateral ventricles into the 3rd?
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interventricular foramen
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where does the spinal cord start?
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where medulla ends
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ventral columns contain
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motor fibers
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cervical spinal nerves have what? why?
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white matter
-it controls the limbs |
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dermatomes
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areas of skin innervated by sensory (afferent) fibers from a single SC segment
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describe the reflex arc
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-tendon
-hits afferent muscle fiber -synapses with 2 fibers 1. motor fiber-triggers back to contract muscle 2. interneuron-goes to other muscle fiber to relax it |
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nonociceptors are
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pain receptors
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how is the brain stabilized?
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meninges
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3 layers of meninges
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dura
arachnoid pia |
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tentorium cerebelli
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transverse septum that seperates the occipital lobe from cerebellum
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falx cerebri
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between hemispheres
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falx cerebelli
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septum between cerebellar hemispheres
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where is the dura unfused?
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superior sagittal sinus
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wheres the sub arachnoid space
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between arachnoid and pia mater
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what are the ventricles lined with
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ependymal cells (glial cells)
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how is CSF absorbed
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thru the arachnoid granulation
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hydrocephalus
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increased pressure in the brain from too much CSF
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where does the medulla change
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pyrmidal decausation
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pia and arachnoid together are called
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leptomeninges
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what is a key site for processing speech?
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planum temporale
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which pathways cross the midline?
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coricospinal and somatosensory
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a lesion in association fibers results in
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disconnection syndromes
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2 types of association fibers
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long
short |
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what controls the pituitary gland?
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hypothalamus
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where is a epidural hematoma?
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within dura
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where is a subdural hematoma?
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near dura arachnoid interface
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what type of glial cells help form the BBB
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astrocytes
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a brain malformation not related to neurulation
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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