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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Akinesia (Dyskinesia)
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impaired ability to initiate voluntary and spnotaneous motor responses such as the interruption of performance in movement when attention is distracted
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Fasciculations
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Rapid flickering twitching movements of a part of a muscle occurring irregularly in time and location
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Chorea
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abrupt irregular movements of short duration involving the hands fingers arms face tongue and head
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Huntingtons chorea
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degenerative disease of the basal ganglia in the brain. It is characterized by abnormalities in postural reactions, trunk rotation, distribution of tone, and extraneious movements
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Tardive Dyskinesia
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Side effect of neuroleptic drugs; involuntary movement disorder most often characterized by puckering of the lips tongue and or writhing of the arms and legs
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Athetosis
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nonrythmic. sloww writhing,sinous movements, predominantly in distal muscles; alternating postures of the proximal limbs often blend continuously to produce a flowing stream of movement. Athetosis often occurs with chorea as choreoasthetosis caused by dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia
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Dystonias
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are sustained involuntary muscle contractions often distorting body posture
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Dystonic
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dostorted body positioning of the limbs neck trunk that is held for a few seconds and then releases
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Hemiballismus
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nonrythmic rapid nonsuppressable movement characterized usuually by unilateral, violent, flinging movements of the proximal arm. caused by a lesion usually an infarct around teh subthalamic nuclei
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Generalized dystonia
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rare, progressive and characterized by movements that result in sustained often bizarre postures often hereditary
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focal dystonia
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affect a single body part ; can be periodic random or progressive
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Meiges Syndrom
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involuntary blinking jaw grinding and grimacing
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Dystonic writers cramp
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occupational dystonia, focal dystonic spasms initiated by performing skilled acts such as writing or typing
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Spasmodic Torticollis
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begins with a pulling sensation followed by sustained torsion and deviation of the head and neck
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Hemifacial spasm
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unilateral painless irregular contractions of the facial muscles due to impairment of the 7th CN
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o
o o t t a f v g v a h |
olfactory
optic occulomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharangyl vagus accessory hypoglossal |
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paresis
paralysis |
partial loss of motor movement (UMN)
total loss of motor movement (LMN) |
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Scale used to measure muscle tone
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modified ashworth scale
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fibrillations
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brief contractions of single muslce fibers not visible
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4 focal dystonias
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meiges disease
spasmidoc torticollis hemifacial spasm dystonic writres cramp |
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dysdiadochokinesia
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inability to perform rapid alternating movements
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dysmetria
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inability to control range of movement; patient often overshoots target
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Anterior Cord Syndrome
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loss of movement pain adn temp
still able to feel position vibration and touch |
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central cord syndrome
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loss of movement and sensation
incomplete loss |
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Brown sequard syndrome
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loss of movemnt on the SAME side as the cord damage
Loss of pain and temp and sensation on the OPPOSITE |
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C1-C3
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head and neck sensation
some neck control respirator dependant |
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C4
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Good head and neck sensation and motor control
Scapular elevation diaphragmatic movement |
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C5
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full head and neck control and sensation
some shoulder strength shoulder external rotation shoulder abduction to 90 elbow flexion supination |
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C6
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forearm pronation
wrist extension tenodesis |
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C7
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elbow extension
wrist flexion finger extension |
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allodynia
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condition in which nonpainful stimuli produce painful sensations
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hyperesthesia
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increases sensitivity to somatosensory stimuli
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hypoesthesia
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decreased sensitivity to somatosensory stimuli
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parathesia
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feeling numb or tingling
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dysesthesia
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unpleasant sense to touch often pain
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thermesthesia
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sensitivity to head or cold
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analgesia
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inability to feel pain
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hypalgesia
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decreased sensitivity to pain
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hyperalgesia
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exaggerated sense of pain
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charcot marie tooth disease
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hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy resulting in paresis of the muslces distal to the knee
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Radial nerve compression results in?
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wrist drop
Sat night palsy tennis elbow |
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ulnar nerve compression results in
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clawhand
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wallerian degeneration
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is a process that results when a nerve fiber is cut or crushed, in which the part of the axon separated from the neuron's cell body degenerates.
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Why do PNS regenerate and CNS does not?
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Scwann cells with nerve growth factor instead of oligodendrites
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anhedonia
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lack of emotion
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Ach
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In CNS regulates ANS
In PNS facilitates actions at neuromuscluar junction |
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Too much ACH=
Too little ACH= |
dyskinesia (involuntary muscle contractions)
paralysis |
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GABA
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Inhibitory- without it neurons would fire uncontrollable producing seizures
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too much GABA=
Too little GABA= |
memory loss and inability for new learning
anxiety disorders insomnia and epilepsy |
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Glutamate
Too much= |
Excitatory
Implicated with CVA TBI as major cause of cell damage after initail injury seizures learning and memory |
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Dopamine
Too little= Too much= |
Affects motor system cognition and motivation
Parkinsons Schizophrenia and addiction |
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Seratonin 5-HT
Too little= |
associated with sleep emotional control equanamity pain regulation and carbohydrate binging
depression and suicidal ideation |
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Norepenephrine
Too much= |
associated with attention to sensory information in environement
fear and panic |
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Substance P
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peptide
mediates sensation of pain |
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Endorphins
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pain modulators
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Adenosine
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facilitates sleep
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depression
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seratonin
NE |
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schizophrenia
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dopamine
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wakefulness and conscious levels
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NE, Dopamine, ACH, Histamine, glutamate, seratonin
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cognitive processes
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Gaba and glutamate
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motor activity
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ACH
dopamine |
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seizure disorders
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Gaba
glutamate |