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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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describe auditory path
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SLIM41
-SON synapse (40% ipsi LDF -, 60% contra MDF +, acoustic stria bypasses this) -travel in LL -synapse IC -synapse MGN then travel in PLIC auditory radiations to Br 41 (transv gyrus of Herschel) |
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interpreting Webber test
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sensorineural problem in silent ear or conductive problem in loud ear
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interpreting Rinne
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conductive longer than sensorineural
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what happens in near synkinesis
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1) convergence
2) pupil constrict 3) lens accomod |
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path of light reflex
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(general CN2 to para to CN3)
light 1 hemiretina projects to both pretectal. ea pretectal project to both EWN then to ciliary ganglion |
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injury to CN4
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(no SO) no depression esp when ADD,
tilt head away from damaged side (cross eyes or look at nose) note: both superior mscles intort (inferior extort) |
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injury CN6
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no LR-no abduction
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no CN3
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down and out, blown pupil can indicate incr ICP uncal herniation
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path for smooth pursuit
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R Br19 projects to R PPRF which projects to R 6 and, via MLF, L3 (ipsi6, contra3).
R6 innerv R LR, L3 innerv L MR |
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path for saccade
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L FEF projects to R PPRF which projects to R 6 and, via MLF, L3 (ipsi6, contra3).
R6 innerv R LR, L3 innerv L MR |
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signs/sx pinealoma
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(pretectal lesion)
1) lose EWN, dilate 2) lose 3, no convergence 3) no vertical |
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INO
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(internuclear ophthalmoplegia) plaque on MLF.
when say look R or follow to right, L eye doesn't ADD. convergence ok (mscls ok, bypasses MLF) |
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pt unable to show how cut w scissors
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disorder of praxis, Dominant parietal
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pt hemineglect
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disorder ND parietal
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pt construction apraxia
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disorder ND parietal
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injury to arcuate
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conduction aphasia (unable to repeat "no if's and's or but's"
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T/F Broca and Wernicke both can't repeat
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T
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fxn arcuate
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connects auditory assoc and wernicke's with brocas
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when vestibular hair cells of R depolarized what 3 paths follow
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1) contra PPRF (drift L, nystag R)
2) to R Brocas 3 causing vertigo 3) R extensors tighten (fall left) NET: ispi nystag and vertigo, contra fall |
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Hypothal: preoptic
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sex drive in males
with anterior: temp/osmoR behavioral response |
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Hypothal: paraventric
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rel H (oxy to P Pit)
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where circardian rhythm controlled
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SCN of hypothalamus
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Hypothal: supraoptic
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osmo R/H2O, ADH
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Hypothal: VM
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stop eating
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Hypo: arcuate
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leptin R,
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which part hypothal projects to p pit
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paraventricular (directly project rel oxy and ADH)
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which part hypothal projects a pit
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arcuate, rel H at median eminence
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CPCb path dysfxn causes
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disdiakinesis
tremor dysmetria |
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SCB dysfxn causes
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truncal and postural instability
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VCb dysfxn causes
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truncal instability, equil, nausea, nystag, vertigo
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fastigial of Cb impt for which path
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SCb
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dentate of Cb impt for
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CPCb
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gross layers of CB
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(in to out)
granule purkinje molecular |
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dentate's location in Cb
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lateral
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fastigial's location in Cb
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vermis
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which Cb path uses floccunodular
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VCb
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general path of Cb paths
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projection into Cb ends as mossy fiber goes to deep nucleus send collateral to granule of cortex which sends Purkinje which - deep nucleus. output is from the deep nuclei
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superior visual world transmitted by what path
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Meyer (in lower temporal)--optic radiations
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inferior visual world transmitted by what path
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superior parietal--optic radiations
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macular sparing: local?
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calcarine fissue
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altitudinal visual field defect
what assoc condition consider? |
optic n blood supply, sp ciliary effects infr visual world.
think AION w jaw pain, scalp pain |
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homo quadratinopsia: lesion?
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optic radiations (Meyer, lower temporal, or superior temporal)
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nonhomon: lesion?
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optic chiasm
(below=pit tumor, above=craniophar) |
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monocular visual field defect could be problem in what 2 general things (and exs of ea)
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1) retina (retinal detach)
2) optic n (oligodendro, MS plaque, CRAO) |
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path of horiz doll's eye
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VN to PPRF via MLF to 3.
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how INO effect doll's eye
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lose both horiz and vert doll's eye bc both use MLF, but can move eyes vertically and can follow vertically
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path of vertical doll's eye
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VN to 3 and 4 (via MLF) from below
(so when pinealoma use this to check integrity of nerves) |
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when use vertical doll's eye
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when pinealoma use this to check integrity of nerves 3, 4
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if can't look up, but positive doll's
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lesion in FEF path
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water in ear-which way eyes go
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COWS=cold opposite, warm same
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Cushing reflex
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(to increased ICP)
HTN, bradycardia, decr RR |
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what forms BBB
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choroid plexus epithel, intracerebral capillary endotheliu,. arachnoid (BBB protected by CIA)
key: tight jxns nonfenestrated endothel |
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cingulate herniation
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causes infarct ACA
-lower extrem weakness contralaterally -urinary incontinence |
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uncal herniation causes
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1) CN3-ipsi ptosis, mydriasis
2) PCA-contra homo hemianopsia 3) contra crus-ipsi paresis |
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central herniation (both hemi herniate transtentorially)
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both pupils dilate, placcidity, coma
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cerebellar tonsillar herniation into foramen magnum
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complress medulla respir
-duret hemorrhages |
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what supplies blood for the choroid plexus
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a choroidal a
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medial striate comes off what?
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ACA
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medial striate supplies
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caudate, putamen, ALIC
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loss of medial striate a cause what symptoms
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frontal ataxia, cb
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lateral striate supplies
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PLIC and genu, + caudate, putamen, GP
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symptoms of loss of lateral striate a
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lower contra face, hemiparesis, hemisensory
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problem w anterior circle
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sensory and motor problems
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problem w posterior circle
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Cb, vertigo, ataxia; visual defect, coma
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loss of MCA results in
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head/trunk motor and sensory, aphasia (Broca and Wernicke)
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if lesion LS prox
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total contralateral paralysis
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ACA controls
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leg/foot motor and sensory
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lateral striate comes off of
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MCA
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medial striate comes off of
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ACA
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problem with a communicating
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visual field
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P communicating problem causes
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CNIII palsy
(also supply hypothal and ventral thal) |
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PCA supplies
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major supply midbrain, thal (LGN, MGN), optic radiations, visual cortex, hippocampus
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central a of retina comes off
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ophthalmic
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what enters orbit with CNII
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opthalmic a
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what supplies blood to hypothalamus
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p. commun (also ventral thal), 2 MC aneuryism
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most common site aneuryism? causes?
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a. communicating a,
bitemporal lower quadratanopia |
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blood supply to CNIII
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P communicating
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2nd MC aneuryism
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P commun, supplies hypothal, ventral thal, CNIII
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IC supplied by
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lateral striate (off MCA), a choroidal a (part medial striate)
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what does a choroidal a supply
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PLIC, LGN, GP
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where does a choroidal a comes from
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off internal carotid (not part circle of willis)
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what supplies CN 6
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pontine a off basilar
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cb supplied by
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AICbA, SCbA, PICbA
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what a supplies cochlea
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SCbA
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what supplies crus cerebri
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CB (medial) by basilar, CS lower extremities PCA
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what supplies PPRF
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short basilars
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what supplies MLF
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short basilar
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what supplies nu ambiguus
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PICbA
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what supplies CN7
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AICbA
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what are medial structures in pons
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MLF, Nu6, PPRF
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what order of structures brain starting at medulla/SC jxn
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medulla
pons midbrain |
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describe elements mid medulla
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nucleus ambiguus, (9-11), with nuclei for those CN more central, tract for 5 extends down this far, olives hold DC, ST tracks are outside this,
4th vent, ICP, begin of VN |
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describe elements medulla/SC jxn
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crossing of CS (at decussation of pyramids), nu cunneatus, faciles haven't yet crossed
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where do DC paths cross
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internal arcuate, medulla
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where ST cross
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AWC upper SC
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describe low medulla
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tracks: CS diffuse contra, crossing of DC to form ML/TGL man, ST man laterally,
CN: nu 12,10 medial, lateral NA |
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describe pons medulla
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EAR SLIDE:
CN: CN 6-8 come in, Nu CN8, VN with ICP/MCP tracks: CS diffuse contra, ML/TGL and ST men lying down, (no 12, no NA,) MLF present, tract 5 |
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describe mid pons
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ENTER 5--body now has head!! motor and sensory of 5
tracks: ML/TGL and ST lying down, MLF and PPRF present lateral: SCP/MCP (note 6/7 in low pons) |
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describe upper pons
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pear slide
CN4 comes in dorsally, crossing to its nucleus MLF CB/CS diffuse contra in pons, TGL/ML and ST lying above laterally |
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describe midbrain slide
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CN 3 coming in at superior colliculus, cerebral aqueduct in center,
Crus!! FP,CS, POT paths TGL/ML and ST outside crus |
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where does CN4 enter
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upper pons (pear slide)
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where find PPRF
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mid pons, with connections CN6 of low pons and VN,
sends neurons via MLF to contra 3 |
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where CN7 enter
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pons medulla
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where Nu 8
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pons/medulla
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when does TGL/ML and ST men have head
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mid pons (CN5 enters)
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ST secondary neurons' cell bodies are where
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Rexed Lamina I,II, maringal nu, substantia gelat
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fast pain uses what fiber? type mechano? releases?
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A1, hi threshold mechanoR, which releases glutamate
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slow pain uses what fiber, type mechanoR, releases
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S1 vanilloid, uses unmyelinated C fiber, releases subP and glut
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what are the triggers for slow pain path
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acid, heat, capsaicin, bk
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what are the cerebral targets for slow pain
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cingulate gyrus, medial frontal lobe, insula
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