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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Medial Medullary syndrome
vertebral artery or anterior spinal artery |
CL spastic hemiparesis and CL loss of touch vibration and pressure.
Lesions of hypoglossal nerve results in dysarthria (tongue deviate to side of lesion) |
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Lateral Medullary syndrome (Wallenberg)
vertebral artery or PICA |
Horner's Syndrome, STT
Cranial nerve damaged are 8, 9, 10. Vertigo, nausea, vomiting, (nystagmus, fast phase will be away from the side of lesion) glossopharyngeal n (absent gag reflex) |
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Medial Pontine syndrome
paramedian branches of basilar artery |
affects the corticospinal tract and exiting fibers of abducens N.
loss of touch, vibration, and pressure sensations. |
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Lateral Pontine syndrome
lesions of the caudal or rostral pons (AICA and circumferential branches of the basilar artery) |
STT affected
facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, fibers of trigeminal nerve |
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Medial midbrain syndrome
(Weber's) deep branches of Posterior Cerebral Artery |
corticospinal tracts
oculomtor nerve |
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Lacunar strokes
medial straite, lenticulostriate, thalamoperforating HT, DM |
CL hemiparesis, CL hemianesthesia,
parts of basal ganglia, thalamus, internal capsule, and ventral pons or midbrain. |
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TIA
small emboli shed from a plaque in the internal carotid commonly retinal branches of ophthalmic artery (from internal carotid) |
transient blindness on the affected side like a window shade going down over an eye
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decorticate posturing
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lesions of tracts of UMN above the red nucleus in midbrain
flex at joints in upper limb and extend at joints of lower limb |
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decerebrate posturing
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lesions of UMN systems in the brainstem below the red nucleus in midbrain
postural extension at joints of both the upper and lower limbs. |
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ALS ( Lou Gehrig)
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pure motor system disease that affects both UMN and LMNs
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tabes dorsalis
Paresthesia, pain, polyuria |
bilateral degeneration of large-diameter dorsal root febers and their neuron cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia and degeneration of the DC
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CNIII
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laterally deviated eyeball (external strabismus)
can't adduct the eyeball |
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CN 4 trochlear
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diplopia when pt attempts to depress the adducted eye and weakness in the ability to intort the eye.
Pt tilt their head away from the side of the lesions to reduce the diplopia that results from an unopposed extorsion by muscles innervated by CN3. |
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CN6 abducens
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medially deviated eyeball (internal strabismus)
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mnemonic COWS (cool, opposite, warm, same
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direction of the fast phase of nystagmus in a caloric test toward the warm water side and away from the cool water saide.
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lesion of vermis and spinocerebellum
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difficulty maintaining posture or balance and have a motor or cerebellar ataxic gait.
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motor ataxia - Romberg - (sway or lose their balance with eyes open OR closed)
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sensory ataxia - lesion of the dorsal columns, Romberg + (pt only sway with eyes closed)
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lesions of flocculonodular lobe and vestibulocerebellum
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scanning dysarthria (divide words into individual syllables)
coarse cerebellar nystagmus |
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lesions of vermis and thiamine def
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purkinje cells in the anterior part of the vermis that control proximal muscles in lower limbs.
pronounced motor ataxia but no cerebellar signs in upper limbs or cranial musculature. |
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lesion of cerebellar hemisphere and a tremor with movement
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dysmetria (can't perform finger to nose test)
dysdiadochokinesis (can't perform rapidly alternating movement) |
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argyll robertson pupil
neurosyphilis or DM |
unreactive to light but constrict in the near response
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marcus gunn pupil
lesion of optic nerve, multiple sclerosis |
afferent pupillary defect
when light swing to normal eye, both pupils constrict when light swing to affected eye, both pupils paradoxically dilate |
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one and a half syndrome
unilateral lesion of PPRF, the abducens nerve, ad axons of the MLF emerging from the PPRF |
can't look horizontally toward the side of the lesion with either eye. horizontal gaze in these pts is limited to an ability to abduct the eye ont he side opposite the lesion.
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