Network + Network Models

Front 1

OSI 7 LAYER MODEL NAMES

Back 1

Layer 7- Application

Layer 6- Presentation

Layer 5- Session

Layer 4- Transport

Layer 3- Network

Layer 2- Data Link

Layer 1- Physical

Hint 1

Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away

All People Seem To Need Data Processing

Front 2

What unique identifier does NICs use, how many bits are they and what forms are the bits displayed in.

Back 2

NICs use MAC addresses which are 48 bits which is displayed in hexadecimal format

Hint 2

How does the network know where data should go? And how is that address formed?

Front 3

How many numbers are there in hexadecimal numbering system? And what is used to represent two digit numbers?

Back 3

16 numbers in hexadecimal (0-15) . 10-15 is represented with Alphabets A-F as we need singular characters to represent values

Front 4

MAC Addressing: How does hexadecimal work with Binary?

Back 4

Each hexadecimal character represents four digits in Binary

Hint 4

What does each hexadecimal character represent?

Front 5

How many Binary bits are in a MAC address

Back 5

48 bits... Each hexadecimal character equals 4 Binary bits eg. 8= 1000, 15= 1111

Hint 5

There are 12 hexadecimal characters

Front 6

What does the first six digits in the MAC address represent?

Back 6

The NIC manufacturer (this is unique to the manufacturer given to them by the IEEE referred to as the [OUI] organizationally unique identifier) the rest are the manufacturers unique serial number

Hint 6

It's given to them by the IEEE.

Front 7

Another name for MAC-48

Back 7

EUI-48 (extended unique identifier)

Hint 7

Actual current name given by IEEE

Front 8

What does each Binary character mean?

Back 8

Electrical pulses. 0= no charge, 1= a charge

Hint 8

There is only 1 and 0 in Binary, they represent something

Front 9

What does FCS stand for?

Back 9

Frame check sequence - it uses Binary math called cyclic redundancy check [CRC] to verify that the data arrived

Hint 9

It's a field in a generic frame to verify data arrival.

Front 10

How many Bytes of data does most frames hold?

Back 10

1500 Bytes

Hint 10

A frame can only carry a certain amount of data or Bytes.

Front 11

The most prominent difference between a hub and switch.

Back 11

A hub takes a frame and distributes it to all connected to it, the one with the matching destination MAC processes the data and the rest deletes. A switch sends only to the correct destination MAC it has on the frame

Hint 11

A hub is a dumb device, a switch is more intelligent

Front 12

What does a NIC send out to know everyone's address on the network

Back 12

A broadcast (the MAC address broadcast is FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF)

Hint 12

A NIC sends out something in which all devices on the network will respond to.

Front 13

Summary of data frame movement across the network via a hub

Back 13

-Data sent from OS to NIC

-NIC creates frame, adds FCS to the data and puts into frame

-NIC puts destination and senders address onto frame

-NIC sends frame through cable

-Hub receives through cable, creates copies and sends to every other system on network

-system erases if destination address does not match

-system processes data if address matches

Destination NIC strips frame info and sends data to software for processing.

Hint 13

Layer 1-2 breakdown

Front 14

What does LLC stand for and what does it do?

Back 14

Logic Link Control. It talks to the OS via device drivers to handles multiple protocols, and provides flow control.

Hint 14

The second job of a NIC

Front 15

NICs should be placed in what OSI layer? For exam purposes

Back 15

Layer 2 for exams.Even though it belongs in both layer 1 and 2.

Hint 15

Exam purpose

Front 16

What networking protocol has been put in place instead of MAC physical addressing?

Back 16

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. (- logical addressing)

Hint 16

MAC is physical addressing while a logical addressing has been adopted due to larger networks

Front 17

What has hubs been replaced with

Back 17

Switches

Hint 17

A more intelligent device for large networks with more features

Front 18

What device handles assigning IP addresses and connects subnets?

Back 18

Router

Hint 18

A magic box

Front 19

What layer does TCP/IP belong in?

Back 19

Layer 3- Network

Hint 19

OSI MODEL

Front 20

What goes inside of a frame when dealing with TCP /IP?

Back 20

Packets

Hint 20

There is two containers that go from one destination to another in TCP /IP

Front 21

What is encapsulation and de-encapsulation or decapsulation

Back 21

Encapsulation is the entire process of preparing data to be sent out and adding frames as it goes down the OSI model.

Decapsulation is reversing and stripping all the frames added when received as it goes up the OSI model

Hint 21

What does the OSI model do to the data when being processed

Front 22

How many layers does the TCP /IP model have and what are they

Back 22

4 layers.

Application

Transport

Internet

Link/Network Interface

Front 23

TCP/IP Model Link layer combines which layers of the OSI Model

Back 23

Layer 1- Physical & Layer 2- Data Link

Hint 23

Physical Connections, deals with complete frames

Front 24

What does the Internet layer Work with?

Back 24

IP Packets

Hint 24

It needs to get these from the sender to the destination

Front 25

TRUE OR FALSE: Routers and IP addressing is also part of the Internet Layer

Back 25

True

Front 26

What is the equivalent of the Internet layer in the OSI model

Back 26

Network layer

Front 27

TRUE OR FALSE: The internet layer makes sure all the data gets to the destination in good order

Back 27

FALSE, another layer takes care of this

Front 28

Which layers in the OSI model equals to the Transport layer in the TCP/IP model

Back 28

Transport layer, Session layer and a bit of Application layer

Front 29

What Protocol is a connection-oriented protocol

Back 29

TCP- Transmission Control Protocol

Front 30

What Protocol is a connectionless protocol

Back 30

UDP- User Datagram Protocol

Front 31

What does a Connection-oriented protocol do?

Back 31

That the sender and recipient have verified that they have a good connection before sending data (TCP)

Hint 31

The definition of Connection-oriented protocol

Front 32

What does a Connectionless protocol NOT do?

Back 32

Does not verify a good connection with recipient before sending data (UDP)

Hint 32

The definition of Connectionless protocol

Front 33

The link layer combines which layers of the OSI model

Back 33

Physical and Data Link layer

Hint 33

Everything to do with complete frames

Front 34

What does the Internet layer deal with and what is its OSI counterpart

Back 34

IP packets and IP addressing , Network Layer - this layer deals with getting IP packet creation and getting it to next router/destination regardless of, if they get there in good order or not

Front 35

TCP /IP: What happens to the frame and packets as they move from one router to another

Back 35

The router strips the frame and adds a new frame over the packet to send to the next router or destination device.

Hint 35

The routers pass the data packets by doing this

Front 36

TCP /IP : What happens when the data packets reach the destination subnet router

Back 36

It matches the destination IP with the destination MAC in the frame

Hint 36

It matches the logical address with something

Front 37

TRUE OR FALSE, TCP/IP: The packet stays unchanged while going to its destination while the frame gets striped and new frame added at every router.

Back 37

TRUE

Front 38

TRUE OR FALSE; TCP /IP : Layer 2 is the last layer to deal with hardware directly.

Back 38

FALSE. Layer 3-Network is the last to deal directly with the hardware.

Hint 38

TCP /IP packets get sent from one NIC to another, drivers pass it to the software which handles the data.

Front 39

What is the job description of Layer 4-Transport?

Back 39

It cuts data into chunks called datagrams (no sequence) or segments (sequencing) on the senders end. Requests packets if not all is received and reassemble the data on the receiving end

Hint 39

How does it transport all the data perfectly

Front 40

What is the job description of Layer 5-Session

Back 40

It initiates sessions, accepts incoming sessions, and open & closes existing sessions

Hint 40

How does a session happen

Front 41

How do you see all the sessions your computer is running from the command prompt?

Back 41

netstat -a

Hint 41

Command for sessions running.

Front 42

TCP /IP: Why does packets get transported in frames

Back 42

Packets can be transfered through many different protocols, Frames adjust and converts to match with different protocols while the packets stay the same in the frame.

Hint 42

TCP /IP is not the only protocol in networking

Front 43

TRUE OR FALSE : Layer 6-Presentation encrypts and decrypts data using protocols like SSL and TLS

Back 43

TRUE

Hint 43

Layer 6 is responsible for Data conversions

Front 44

TRUE OR FALSE: Layer 7-Application is the applications itself that processes data

Back 44

FALSE, it is the code (API) built into the OS that programmers use to make their Applications network-aware and enhance the apps capabilities.

Hint 44

It's do to with networking specifically

Front 45

What does API stand for

Back 45

Application Programming Interface

Hint 45

Layer 7-Application uses

Front 46

TRUE OR FALSE: TCP/IP layers counterparts are session and presentation

Back 46

FALSE. Session and Transport with a Lil bit off Application

Front 47

Transport layer: what is the protocol name for connection orientated protocols

Back 47

TCP- Transmission Control Protocol

Front 48

Transport layer: What is the protocol name of connectionless protocols

Back 48

UDP- User Datagram Protocol

Front 49

Transport Layer: segments use which protocol?

Back 49

TCP (Connection Orientated Protocol)

Front 50

Transport Layer: Datagrams use which protocol

Back 50

UDP - connectionless Orientated Protocol

Front 51

TRUE OR FALSE: Transport layer- sequence number, Flags and Acknowledgments are included in a UDP Frame

Back 51

FALSE it has destination port, source port, length, checksum, data

Hint 51

It does not care if it reaches its destination

Front 52

TCP/IP Model: Application layer combines which OSI layers

Back 52

Session, Presentation and Application

Hint 52

The remainder layers

Front 53

What are port numbers?

Back 53

Applications are given port numbers ranging from 1 to 65535 to make applications work eg: port 80 =HTTP used for web pages

Front 54

Which Data structure fits with the Link layer?

Back 54

Frames

Hint 54

What encapsulation does it create?

Front 55

What Data Structure fits the Internet Layer

Back 55

IP packets

Front 56

What Data Structure fits the transport layer

Back 56

TCP segments and UDP datagrams

Front 57

What Data Structure fits the Application layer

Back 57

The data or payload starts and ends here