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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the two main divisions of the nervous system? |
Central nervous system peripheral nervous system |
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what does the central nervous system consist of? |
Brain and the spinal cord |
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what nerves do peripheral nervous system consist of and where do the emerge from ? |
Cranial emerge from brain and spinal nerves emerge from spinal cord |
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what is the peripheral nervous system divided into structurally and functionally? |
somatic nervous system autonomic nervous systems |
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what is somatic nervous system? |
concerned with voluntary, skeletal muscles |
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what is autonomic nervous system? |
concerned with non voluntary, non-skeletal muscles. |
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what is the autonomic nervous system divided into? |
sympathetic division and parasympathetic? |
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what word describes sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions |
Antagonistic |
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what kind of neurons consist in the autonomic nervous system? |
motor neurons and some sensory neurons
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What is dual innervation |
when most internal organs are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic motor neurons |
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what physical difference is there between sympathetic and parasympathetic motor neurons |
symathetic short preganglionic motor neuron long postgangleonic motor neuron neurotransmitter: noradrenaline parasympathetic long preganglionic motor neuron short postganglionic motor neuron neurotransmitter: acetylcholine |
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what is a ganglion? |
a small bulge region in a motor neuron which contains lots of synaptic junctions. |
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where are most ganglions located in sympahetic motor neurones |
on the spinal cord or in close proximity to the spinal cord |
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where are most ganglions in parasympathetic motor neurons? |
near the organs and tissues or even on the organs |
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which autonomic nervous division is responsible for dilation of pupils? |
Sympathetic division
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where is the cardiac centre? |
medulla oblongata of brain |
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what is heart rate determined by? |
balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity. |
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what increases heart rate and force of contraction of the heart |
sympathetic divison |
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what decreases heart rate? |
parasympathetic division |
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how do you calculate turning force? |
force x distance from picot |
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what is a synovial joint? |
most flexible of all joints and allows movement of bones in relation to each other |
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what does extensor and flexor muscle mean? |
flexor is when the bicep CONTRACTS and tricep RELAX extensor is when the bicep RELAX and the tricep CONTRACT |
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what term can decribe bicep and tricep extensor and flexor actions? |
antagonistic |
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what are bones cells? |
osteocytes |
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what do osteocytes do? |
produce organic and non organic components of bone |
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what gives bone strength? |
calcium and magnesium phosphate |
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what gives bone flexibility? |
collagen |
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what are the three main types of muscles? |
Involuntary (smooth) cardiac voluntary |
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what are the features of Involuntary muscles? |
smooth muscle Innervated by the autonomic nervous system contract slowly tire very slowly long and thin may be triggered by hormones appear cylindrical next to each other |
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what are the features of voluntary muscles? |
known as skeletal/striated involved in moving limbs contract quick and powerful tire quick |
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what are the features of cardiac muscle? |
forms muscle of heart myogenic cells joined by intercalacted discs controlled by the autonomic nervous system contain gaps for rapid movement of ions contraction powerful, relaxation powerful continuous throughout life and doesn't tire. |
