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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
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The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
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What are the parts of the central nervous system?
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The brain and the spinal cord
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what makes up the peripheral nervous system?
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All the nerves located outside of the central nervous system
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What part of the central nervous system controls the most functions of the body?
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The brain, located in the skull
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What is the spinal cord?
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The thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves in the peripheral nervous system
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What kind of neurons are in the brain?
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The brain contains about 100 billion interneurons?
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What 3 things protect the brain from injury?
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(1) The skull, (2)three layers of connective tissue and (3)a watery fluid between the outermost layer and middle layer of connective tissue
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What are the 3 main parts of the human brain?
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The cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem.
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What is the function of the cerebrum?
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interprets input from the senses, controls the movement of skeletal muscles and carries out complex mental processes such as learning, remembering and making judgements.
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What are the functions of each of the halves of the cerebrum?
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The right half is associated with creativity and artistic ability. The left half is associated with mathematical skills and logical thinking.
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What is the largest part of the brain?
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The cerebrum. The cerebellum is the second largest part.
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What is the function of the cerebellum?
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it coordinates actions of muscles and helps to keep your balance
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What is the function of the brainstem?
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it controls involuntary actions such as breathing and your heartbeat.
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What protects the spinal cord?
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The vertebral column.
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What is the function of the spinal cord?
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it is the link between the brain and the peripheral nervous system.
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What is the peripheral nervous system?
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A network of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system to the rest of the body
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How many pairs of nerves make up the peripheral nervous system?
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43 pairs. 12 pairs originate in the brain and 31 pairs begin in the spinal cord
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What are the spinal nerves?
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The 31 pairs of nerves that begin in the spinal cord and leave the spinal cord between the verebrae
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What kind of neurons make up spinal nerves?
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Both sensory and motor neurons.
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What are the functions of the two types of neurons in the spinal nerves?
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The sensory neurons carry impulses from the body to the central nervous system. The motor neurons carry impulses from the central nervous system to the body.
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What are the two groups of nerves in the peripheral nervous system?
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Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
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What do nerves in the somatic nervous system do?
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control voluntary actions
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What do nerves in the autonomic nervous system do?
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control involuntary actions
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What are reflexes?
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An automatic response that occurs very rapidly and without conscious control
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What is the difference between a reflex action and a voluntary action?
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In a reflex, skeletal muscles contract with involvement of the spinal cord only, not the brain.
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How do reflexes help protect the body from injury?
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Because the reflex action occurs before the nerve impulses reach the brain, your body removes you from harm before the brain interprets the impulse.
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What is a concussion?
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A bruiselike injury of the brain that occurs when soft tissue of the cerebrum bumps against the skull
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Why does a spinal cord injury sometimes result in paralysis?
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If the spinal cord is cut, all the nerve axons in the region are split so that impulses cannot pass through them.
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