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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What structures make up the Central Nervous system?
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brain and spinal cord
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What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
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nerves that connect the brain or spinal cord to the body's muscles, glands, and sense organs
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How does a neuron function?
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by generating electrical signals that move from one part of the cell to another part of the same cell or neighboring cells
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electrical signal will release neurotransmitters
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Anatomy of a Neuron
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Cell body-contains nucleus and ribosomes; protein synthesis
Dendrites- highly branched growths from the cell body Axon- or nerve fiber extens from the cell body and carries output to its target cells |
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Anatomy of an Axon
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Axon hillock- or initial segment- where an electrical signal is propogated "trigger zone"
collaterals- branchs on the axon |
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What is myelin? How is it created?
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Myelin is plasma membran wrapped around the axon by a nearby supoporting cell
Created by oligodendrocytes |
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How does a peripheral axon differ?
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Schwann cells form individual myelin sheaths at regular intervals.
The spaces between the sheaths are called the nodes of ranvier |
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What does an Afferent nerve do?
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Carries information toward the central nervous system from receptors at their peripheral endings.
Cell body and long peripheral process of the axon are in the peripheral nervous system; only the short central process of the axon enters the CNS |
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What does an Efferent neuron do?
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Thansmit information out of the CNS to effector cells, particularly muscles, glands, or other neurons
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Cell body, dendrites, and a small segment of the ason are in the CNS; most of the axon is in the PNS
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What do interneurons do?
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Function as integrators and signal changers
Integrate groups of afferent and efferent neurons inot reflex circuits Lie entirely within the CNS 99% of all neurons |
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What is a synapse?
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the anatomically specialized junction between two neurons where one neuron alters the electrical and chemical activity of another
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signal is transmitted from one to another by neurotransmitters
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What do neurotransmitters do?
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released by the presynaptic neuron and combine with protein receptors on a postsynaptic neuron, transmit information across the synapse
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Glial cells
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surrond the soma, axon and dendrites of neurons and provide with physical and metabolic support.
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Astrocyte
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regulate compositon of extracellular fluid-removes K ions and neurotransmittes are synapses
Stimulates the formation of tight junctions between the cells that make up the walls of capillaries found in the CNS |
sustain neurons metabilically by providing glucose and removing ammonia
may tak pare in information signaling of the brain |
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Microgilia
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perform immune functions in the CNS
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Ependymal
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fluid filled cavities with in the brain and spinal cord and regulate the production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid
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Neural growth and regeneration
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Neurons deevelop from stem cells, migrate to their final locations, and send out processes to their target cells.
Cell dividsion to form new neurons and the plasticity to remodle after injury markedly decrease between birth and adulthood |
After degeneration of a severed axon, damaged peripheral neruons may regrow the axon to their target organ.
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