Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nephritic vs nephrotic
proteinuria > 3.5 g/day |
Nephrotic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic vs nephrotic
frothy urine, hyperlipidemia, fatty casts, edema |
nephrotic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic vs nephrotic
Which is associated with thromboembolism and increased risk of infection and why? |
nephrotic syndrome
hypercoaguable state due to antithrombin III loss in urine increased risk of infection due to loss of immunoglobulins |
|
Nephritic vs nephrotic
which is an inflammatory process? |
nephritic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic vs nephrotic
when it involves glomeruli it leads to hematuria and RBC casts in urine |
Nephritic syndrome
|
|
Nephritic vs nephrotic
associated with azotemia, oliguria, hypertension (due to salt retention), and proteinemia (<3.5 g/day) |
Nephritic syndrome
|
|
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
nephritic or nephrotic? LM? EM? Associations? |
Most common cause of Nephrotic syndrome in adults
LM - segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis EM - effacement of foot processes similar to minimal change disease Associated with HIC infection, heroin abuse, massive obesity, interferon treatment, and chronic kidney disease due to congenital absence or surgical removal |
|
Membranous nephropathy
nephritic or nephrotic? LM? EM? IF? What disease has a kidney presentation of membranous nephropathy? |
Second most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults. Can be idiopathic or caused by druga, infections, SLE, solid tumors
LM - diffuse capillary and GBM thickening EM - "spike and dome" appearance with subepithelial deposits IF - granular SLE's nephrotic presentation |
|
Minimal Change Disease
nephritic or nephrotic? LM? EM? What is lost? Most common in? Tx? |
Nephrotic syndrome that may be triggered by a recent infection or an immune stimulus.
LM - normal glomeruli EM - foot process effacement Selective loss of albumin, not globulins, caused by GBM polyanion loss Most common in children Responds to corticosteroids |
|
Amyloidosis
nephritic or nephrotic? LM? Associations? |
Nephrotic syndrome
LM - congo red stain shows apple green birefringence under polarized light Associated with chronic conditions (e.g. multiple myeloma, TB, RA) |
|
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Type I
nephritic or nephrotic? EM? IF? Associations? |
Normally nephrotic can present as nephritic
EM - "tram-track" appearance due to GBM splitting caused by mesangial ingrowth IF - subendothelial immune complex deposits with granular IF associated with HBV and HCV |
|
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Type II
nephritic or nephrotic? presentation? Associations? |
Nephrotic syndrome
intramembranous immune complex deposits "dense deposits" associated with C3 nephritic factor |
|
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Nephritic or nephrotic? LM? EM? IF? Most common in? Presentation? |
Nephritic syndrome
LM - glomeruli enlarged and hypercellular, neutrophils, "lumpy-bumpy" appearance EM - subepithelial immune complex bumps IF - ganular appearance due to IgG, IgM, and C3 deposition along GBM and mesangium most frequently seen in children presents with peripheral and periorbital edema, dark urine, and HTN. Resolves spontaneously |
|
Rapidly progressive (cresenteric) glomerulonephritis
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Nephritic or nephrotic? LM? IF? Diseases? |
nephritic syndrome
LM and IF - crescent-moon shape. Crescents consist of fibrin and plasma proteins with glomerular parietal cells, monocytes, and macrophages Sevreal disease processes may result in this pattern: goodpasure's syndrome, Wegner's granulomatosis, Microscopic polyangitis |
|
type II hypersensitivity; antibodies to GBM and alveolar basement membrane - linear IF; hematuria/hemoptysis
|
Goodpasture's syndrome
|
|
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, c-ANCA
|
Wegner's
|
|
p-ANCA and cresenteric glomerulonephritic
|
Microscopic polytangiitis
|
|
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Nephritic or nephrotic? LM? EM? IF? Cause? |
Nephritic syndrome
LM - "wire-looping" of capillaries EM - subendothelial and sometimes intramembranous IgG-based immune complexes often with C3 deposition IF - granular due to SLE or MPGN most common cause of death in SLE |
|
Berger's Disease
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Nephritic or nephrotic? LM? EM? IF? Presentation? Associations? |
Nephritic syndrome
LM - mesangial proliferation EM - mesangial immune complex deposits IF - IgA-based immune complex deposits in mesangium presents/flares with upper respiratory infection of acute gastroenteritis related to henoch-schonlein purpura |
|
mutation in type IV collagen - split basement membrane. X-linked
|
Alport syndrome
|
|
glomerulonephritis, deafness (and less commonly eye problems)
|
Alport syndrome
|
|
IgA nephropathy
|
Berger's disease
|
|
related to henoch schonlein purpura
|
berger's disease
|
|
wire looping of capillaries
|
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
|
|
Diseases with IgG based immune comlexes
|
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (IgG and C3)
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (IgG, IgM, and C3) |
|
diseases with Crescent moon shape
|
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis:
goodpasture's Wegner's Microscopic polyangiitis |
|
diseases with subepithelial deposits
|
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and membranous nephropathy
|
|
mesangial IF
|
Berger's disease
|
|
lumpy bumpy light microscopy
|
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
|
diseases with granular immunoflourescence
|
Acute streptococcal glomerulonephritis
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis membranous nephropathy |
|
Diabetic glomerulonephroathy
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Nephritic or nephrotic? description? LM? |
nephrotic syndrome
nonenzymatic glycosylation of glomerular basement membrane - increases permeability, thickening NEG of efferent arterioles causes increased glomerular filtration rate and mesangial expansion LM - mesangial expansion, GBM thickening, eosinophilc nodular glomerulosclerosis |
|
mesangial expansion and GBM thickening
|
diabetic glomerulonephropathy
|
|
eosinophilic nodular glomerulosclerosis
|
diabetic glomerulonephropathy
|
|
nonenzymatic glycosylation
|
diabetic glomerulonephropathy
|
|
Tram-track appearance
|
membranoproliferative glomerlonephritis
more prevelant in type I |
|
diseases with subendothelial immune complex deposists
|
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
membranoproliferative glomerlonephritis type I |
|
intramembranous immune complex deposits
|
membranoproliferative glomerlonephritis type II
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis can sometimes have intramembrabous |
|
SLE
|
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
membranous nephropathy |
|
HBV, HCV
|
membranoproliferative glomerlonephritis type I
|
|
C3 nephritic factor
|
membranoproliferative glomerlonephritis type II
|
|
congo red stain shows apple-green birefringence under polarized light
|
amyloidosis
|
|
associted with chronic disease (multiple myeloma, TB, RA)
|
amyloidosis
|
|
foot process effacement
|
minimal change disease
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
|
selective loss of albumin
|
minimal change disease
|
|
associated with recent infection
|
minimal change disease
poststreptococcal glomerulosclerosis |
|
spike and dome appearance on electron microscopy
|
membranous nephropathy
|
|
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults
|
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
|
|
Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
RBC Casts |
Glomerulonephritis, ischemia, or malignant HTN
|
|
Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
WBC casts |
Tubulointerstitial inflammation, acute pyelonephritis, transplant rejection
|
|
Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
fatty casts ("oval fat bodies") |
Nephrotic syndrome
|
|
Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
granular ("muddy brown") casts |
acute tubular necrosis
|
|
Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
waxy casts |
advanced renal disease/chronic renal failure
|
|
Name the disease/diseases when you will see these CASTS in the urine:
hyaline casts |
nonspecific, can be normal finding
|