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8 Cards in this Set
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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DOC = Ceftriaxone (Doxycycline usually added b/c often co-infected w/ Chlamydia)
Gram (-), oxidase positive, capnophile, no capsule, infects humans exclusively Virulence Factors: 1.) Pili - Initial attachment. Can turn pili off (phase variation) or change pili (antigenic variation) 2.) Opacity proteins (Opa) - Tight adherence to specific tissue, invasion into host cells. Antigenic variation by changing # of short repeats found in DNA (frame-shift mutation) 3.) PorB - Type A & B. Type A in disseminated strains b/c blocks factor H of complement for resistance in serum. Can translocated into host membrane. No antigenic variation 4.)Transferrin receptor - made of TbpA and TbpB. Utilizes human transferrin for iron source. No antigenic variation 5.)LOS - Endotoxin that causes most damage (antigenic variation). Sialic acid from host binds and induces molecular mimicry in LOS. 6.) Peptidoglycan fragments - contribute to inflammatory response) 7.) IgA1 protease - cleaves IgA |
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Antibiotic resistance to Neisseria ghonorrhoeae
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1.) PPNG - Penicillin-resistance plasma that produces beta-lactamase
2.) TRNG - plasmid that causes Tetracycline resistance 3.) penA - altered penicillin binding protein 4.) penB - reduced permeability of porin 5.) gyrA - DNA gyrase less sensitive to Quinolone (QRNG) 6.) mtr - efflux pump |
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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
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Often in women infected w/ ghonorrhea
Ascending infection of urogenital tract (endometritis, salpingitis, ovarian abscess, etc.) Often other organisms like Chlamydia contribute Present w/ lower abdominal pain following menses by a few days |
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Other diseases caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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1.) Anorectal infection
2.) Pharyngeal infection after oral sex 3.) Conjuctivitis - in adults after self-inoculation w/ genital infection (severe) 4.) Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome - hepatic disease caused by spread from fallopian tube to liver 5.) Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) - Most common cause of septic arthritis in young adults 6.) Opthalmia neonatorum - conjunctivitis in neonates that can lead to blindness caused by passing through birth canal (neonates now given protective antimicrobial eye drops) |
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2 morphologic forms of Chlamydiae in its life-cycle
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EB - bind phagosome , but don't divide. Once inside, reorganizes to RB
RB - Undergoes binary fission. Once they divide they turn back into EB and are released by the cell |
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Chlamydiae trachomatis
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DOC = Tetracycline, Doxycycline
Gram (-), obligate intracellular organism, no typical peptidoglycan (MOMP and CRPs provide strength instead) Often detected via immunofluorescence, but cell culture is most specific Trachoma biovar: 1.) Trachoma - inflammation and follicle formation that involves entire conjunctiva, scarring of cornea, inflammation interferes w/ tear flow. Transmitted by eye droplets 2.) Chlamydia - caused by serovars D-K. Asymptomatic in women. Can cause PID, sterility, ectopic pregnancy. Symptomatic in men (urethral discharge and dysuria) 3.) Inclusion Conjunctivitis - caused by serovars of genital infection (D-K). Can be in adults or picked up in infants during birth. Purulent discharge from eyes, corneal scarring. LGV Biovar: 1.) Lymphogranuloma venereum - primary lesion at site of infection, then inflammation and swelling of associated lymph nodes (can rupture) (L serobars) 2.) Ocular lymphogranuloma venereum - same thing, but in eye. |
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Chlamydiae psittaci
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DOC = Tetracycline or erythromycin
Infection by inhaling dried bird feces (no person-to-person spread) Infects lungs and causes pneumonia w/ nonproductive cough |
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Chlamydiae pneumoniae
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DOC = Tetricycline and erythromycin
Causes "walking pneumonia" Transmitted by respiratory droplets |