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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the best-known trade name for lorazepam?
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Ativan
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There are dozens of trade names for lorazepam around the world. When lorazepam was introduced in the US in 1971 it was known as Ativan and Temesta.
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What is the functional class of lorazepam?
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Benzodiazepine
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The first benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium), was discovered in 1955 and first marketed in 1960.
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What is the mechanism of action of lorazepam?
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Lorazepam is the most potent of the benzodiazepines.
It acts as an anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant. It intensifies the effects of GABA. Because of its short half-life it is the preferred benzodiazepine for the treatment of pediatric seizures. |
1mg of lorazepam is equivalent to 10mg diazepam.
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What are the listed indications for lorazepam?
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- Seizures (status epilepticus)
- To induce sedation prior to painful procedures - Acute anxiety |
Status epilepticus can be defined as defined as one continuous unremitting seizure lasting longer than 30 minutes, or recurrent seizures for greater than 30 minutes with no intervening consciousness.
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What are the listed contraindications for lorazepam?
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- Hypersensivity to benzodiazepines
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma - Coma - Shock - Acute alcohol intoxication |
Glaucoma is an eye disorder in which the optic nerve is permanently and progressively damaged, resulting in complete blindness if untreated. It is often, but not always, associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP).
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What are the listed precautions for lorazepam?
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- Renal or hepatic impairment
- Myasthenia gravis - COPD |
Lorazepam may be safer than most benzodiazepines in patients with impaired liver function as it does not require hepatic oxidation, but only hepatic glucuronidation.
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What are the listed side effects for lorazepam?
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- Anterograde amnesia
- Sedation - Hypertension - Hypotension - Blurred vision - N/V - Confusion |
Anterograde amnesia is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia.
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What are the listed interactions for lorazepam?
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Effects of lorazepam will be increased when used in conjunction with other CNS depressants, alcohol, or cimetidine.
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Other CNS depressants include barbiturates, opioids, disassociatives and antipsychotics.
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What is the dosage and route of lorazepam?
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Adult:
- 1 - 2mg slow IVP or IM q 5 minutes, max 8mg Pedi: - 0.1mg/kg slow IVP or IM, max single dose 2mg, may repeat once after 5 minutes |
Lorazepam can be quantitated in blood and plasma to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning.
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What are the pharmacokinetics of lorazepam?
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Onset: 1 - 5 minutes IV, 5 - 10 minutes IM
Half-Life: 10 - 20hrs |
Despite its higher potency, the half-life of lorazepam is much shorter than that of diazepam.
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What medication is an antagonist to lorazepam?
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Flumazenil
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Flumazenil reverses the effects of benzodiazepines by competitive inhibition at the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABA receptor.
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