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9 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the best-known trade name for acetaminophen?
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Tylenol
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Acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol or APAP - N-acetyl-para-aminophenol) has dozens of brand names in use around the world.
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What are the functional classes of acetaminophen?
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Antipyretic, analgesic
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The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that paracetamol only be used to treat fever in children if their temperature is greater than 38.5 °C (101.3 °F).
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What is the mechanism of action of acetaminophen?
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Produces analgesia by elevation of the pain threshold. May block pain impulses by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Antipyretic actions result from inhibition of prostaglandins in the CNS. Does not possess any anti-inflammatory or antiplatelet properties.
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Acetaminophen does not significantly inhibit the production of the pro-clotting thromboxanes as it is selective for COX-2 inhibition.
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What are the listed indications for acetaminophen?
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Fever
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The efficacy of acetaminophen by itself in children with fevers has been questioned and a meta-analysis has shown it to be less effective than ibuprofen.
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What are the listed contraindications for acetaminophen?
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Hypersensitivity to acetaminophen or phenacetin
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Acetaminophen is the active metabolite of phenacetin.
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What are the listed precautions for acetaminophen?
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Anemia, hepatic and renal disease, alcoholism
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The risks of acetaminophen in alcoholics seem to be confined to overdosage; therapeutic doses do not seem to have adverse effects.
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What are the listed side effects for acetaminophen?
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- N/V
- Dizziness - Hepatotoxicity - Renal failure - Hypoglycemia |
Acetaminophen toxicity is the foremost cause of acute liver failure in the Western world, and accounts for most drug overdoses in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.
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What are the listed interactions for acetaminophen?
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Increased chance of hepatotoxicity when taken chronically or with alcohol, rifampin, carbamazepine, or barbiturates
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Rifampin (rifampicin) is a bactericidal antibiotic that, as well as being potentially hepatotoxic, increases the rate of metabolism of many medications by inducing liver enzymes.
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What is the dosage and route of acetaminophen?
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Adult:
- 325-650mg PO/PR q 4-6 hours Pediatric: - 15mg/kg PO/PR q 4-6 hours |
In adults, acetaminophen has been found to be well-tolerated at maximum daily doses for several weeks.
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