Nclex Fluids And Electrolytes

Front 1

Effects of hyponatremia on respiratory system:

Back 1

shallow, ineffective respiratory movements as a late manifestation r/t skeletal muscle weakness

Front 2

Effects of hyponatremia on neuromusclar system:

Back 2

generalized skeletal muscle weakness that is worse in the extremities

Front 3

Effects of hyponatremia on cerebral function:

Back 3

headache, personality changes

Front 4

Effects of hyponatremia on GI system:

Back 4

a. Increased motility and hyperactive bowel sounds
b. Nausea
c. Abdominal cramping and diarrhea

Front 5

If the client is taking lithium for hyponatremia, why should you monitor lithium levels?

Back 5

Hyponatremia can cause diminished lithium excretion, resulting in toxicity.

Front 6

What are four conditions that cause decreased sodium excretion can result in hypernatremia?

Back 6

a. Corticosteroids
b. Cushing's syndrome
c. Renal failure
d. Hyperaldosteronism

Front 7

Effects of hypernatremia on neuromuscular system:

Back 7

a. Early: spontaneous muscle twitches; irregular muscle contractions
b. Late: skeletal muscle weakness; deep tendon reflexes diminshed or absent

Front 8

Effects of hypernatremia on central nervous system:

Back 8

a. altered cerebral function is the most common manifestation of hypernatremia

Front 9

Effects of hypokalemia on cardiovascular system:

Back 9

a. Thready, weak, irregular pulse
b. Peripheral pulses weak
c. Orthostatic hypotension
d. EKG changes: ST depression; shallow, flat or inverted T wave; and prominent U wave

Front 10

Effects of hypokalemia on respiratory system:

Back 10

a. Shallow, ineffective respirations that result from profound muscle weakness of the skeletal muscles of respiration
b. Diminished breath sounds

Front 11

Effects of hypokalemia on neuromuscular system:

Back 11

a. Anxiety, lethary, confusion, coma
b. Skeletal muscle weakness; eventual flaccid paralysis
c. Loss of tactile discrimination
d. Deep tendon hyporeflexia

Front 12

Effects of hypokalemia on GI system:

Back 12

a. Decreased motility, hypoactive to absent bowel sounds
b. Nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal distention
c. Paralytic ileus

Front 13

The maximun recommended infusion rate is ___ mEq/hr, never to exceed ___ mEq/hr under any circumstances.

Back 13

5-10; 20

Front 14

Effects of hyperkalemia on cardiovascular system:

Back 14

a. Slow, weak, irregular HR
b. Decreased BP
c. EKG changes: tall peaked T waves; widened QRS complexes; prolonged PR intervals; and flat P waves

Front 15

Effects of hyperkalemia on respiratory system:

Back 15

profound weakness of the skeletal muscles causes respiratory failure

Front 16

Effects of hyperkalemia on system:

Back 16

a. Early: muscle twitches, cramps, paresthesias
b. Late: profound weakness, ascending flaccid paralysis in the arms and legs

Front 17

Effects of hyperkalemia on GI system:

Back 17

a. Increased motility, hyperactive bowel sounds
b. Diarrhea

Front 18

If renal function is impaired, prepare to administer ___, cation exchange resin that promotes GI sodium absorption and potassium excretion.

Back 18

Kayexalate

Front 19

Effect of hypocalcemia on cardiovascular system:

Back 19

a. Decreased HR
b. Hypotension
c. Diminished peripheral pulses
d. EKG changes: prolonged ST interval; prolonged QT intervals

Front 20

Effect of hypocalcemia on neuromuscular system:

Back 20

a. Irritable skeletal muscles: twitches, cramps, tetany, seizures
b. Parasthesias followed by numbness that may affect the lips, nose, and ears in addition to the limbs
c. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

Front 21

Effect of hypocalcemia on GI system:

Back 21

a. Increased gastric motility; hyperactive bowel sounds

Front 22

Effect of hypercalcemia on cardiovascular system:

Back 22

a. Increased HR in early phase; bradycardia that can lead to cardiac arrest in late phases
b. Increased BP
c. Bounding, full peripheral pulses
d. EKG changes: shortened ST segment; widened T wave

Front 23

Effect of hypercalcemia on respiratory system:

Back 23

Ineffective respiratory movement as a result of profound skeletal muscle weakness

Front 24

Effect of hypercalcemia on neuromuscular system:

Back 24

a. Profound muscle weakness
b. Diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes
c. Disorientation, lethary, coma

Front 25

Effect of hypercalcemia on renal system:

Back 25

a. Increased urinary output leading to dehydration
b. Anorexia, nausea, abdominal distention, constipation

Front 26

Effect of hypomagnesemia on neuromuscular system:

Back 26

a. Twitches; paresthesias
b. Positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs

Front 27

hypo-___ frequently accompanies hypomagnesemia.

Back 27

calcemia

Front 28

Effects of hypermagnesemia on neuromuscular system:

Back 28

a. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
b. Skeletal muscle weakness

Front 29

Effects of hypermagnesemia on central nervous system:

Back 29

drowsiness and lethargy that progresses to coma

Front 30

A decrease in the serum phosphorus level is accompanied by an increase in the serum ___ level.

Back 30

calcium

Front 31

Effects of hypophospatemia on neuromuscular system:

Back 31

a. Weakness
b. Decreased deep tendon reflexes
c. Decreased bone density that can cause fractures and alterations in bone shape

Front 32

An increase in the serum phosphorus level is accompanied by a decrease in the serum ___ level.

Back 32

calcium

Front 33

The problems that occur in hyperphosphatemia center on the hypo-___ that results when serum phosphorus levels increase.

Back 33

calcemia