Nclex Ch04 U02-02: Alterations In Protein & Fat Metabolism

Front 1

5 disorders that are characterized by alterations in protein metabolism?

Back 1

alteration in PROTEIN metabolism:

1. PKU
2. Gout
3. Celiac dz (sprue)
4. Renal failure
5. Protein allergy

Front 2

What is PKU?

Back 2

Phenylketonuria (PKU): an inborn error of PHENYLALANINE utilization

Front 3

Since phenylalanine can't be used in a pt w/ PKU, what can happen?

Back 3

high levels of phenylalanine in the blood that can lead to MR

Front 4

What dietary adjustment must be made for an infant w/ PKU?

Back 4

infant w/ PKU:

1. LOFENALAC: specially prepared milk substitute for infants

Front 5

What dietary adjustments must be made for children w/ PKU?

Back 5

children w/ PKU: LOW-PROTEIN DIET.

1. no meat
2. no dairy products
3. no eggs
4. no NutraSweet

Front 6

What is gout?

Back 6

Gout: an inborn error of PURINE metabolism

Front 7

What does gout cause?

Back 7

gout: high URIC ACID levels in the blood that can lead to progressive joint deterioration

Front 8

What type of diet should a pt w/ gout be on?

Back 8

gout diet: LOW PURINE diet:

1. no fish
2. no organ meats

Front 9

What is celiac dz?

Back 9

celiac dz: (sprue) inborn error of WHEAT and RYE metabolsim

Front 10

What does celiac disease cause?

Back 10

celiac dz:
1. intestinal malabsorption that leads to malnutrition
2. D
3. FTT

Front 11

What type of diet should a pt w/ celiac dz be on?

Back 11

celiac dz diet:

1. no wheat
2. no oats
3. no rye
4. no barley

Front 12

What are the consequences of RENAL FAILURE in relation to protein levels?

Back 12

renal failure: causes increased PROTEIN AND ALBUMIN LOSSES in urine, which leads to protein deficiency

Front 13

What type of diet should a pt w/ renal failure be on?

Back 13

RENAL FAILURE diet:

HIGH CALORIE, LOW protein diet as allowed by kidney fxn

Front 14

What does protein allergy cause?

Back 14

D, which leads to malnutrition and water loss

Front 15

What type of diet should a pt w/ a protein allergy be on?

Back 15

change dietary protein source

Front 16

2 potential nursing dx for alterations in protein metabolism?

Back 16

1. nutrition: less than body requirements, altered
2. knowledge deficit r/t dietary restrictions

Front 17

3 major diseases that are grounded in alterations in FAT METABOLiSM

Back 17

alterations in fat metabolism:
1. hepatobiliary dz
2. CF
3. atherosclerosis

Front 18

What does hepatobiliary dz cause?

Back 18

hepatobiliary dz:

the DECREASE in BILE leads to fat malabsorption

Front 19

Dietary considerations for HEPATOBILIARY DZ?

Back 19

HEPATOBILIARY DZ diet:

1. low fat
2. HIGH PROTEIN
3. vitamins

Front 20

Which enzymes are deficient in pt w/ CF?

Back 20

CF pt have an ABSENCE OF PANCREATIC ENZYMES

Front 21

What can CF cause?

Back 21

the absence of pancreatic enzymes can lead to malabsorption of fat (and fat soluble vitamins) & weight loss

Front 22

Diet of a CF pt?

Back 22

1. COTAZYM PANCREAS: pancreatic enzyme replacement before or w/ meals
2. HIGH PROTEIN
3. HIGH CALORIE diet in advanced stages

Front 23

If a pt w/ CF has an infection or lung dz, how does this impact the diet?

Back 23

increased need for CALORIES AND PROTEIN

Front 24

What is atherosclerosis?

Back 24

thickening and hardening of the arteries

Front 25

Risk factors for atherosclerosis?

Back 25

1. high blood cholesterol
2. high TG levels
3. diet
4. high BP
5. DM
6. stress
7. sedentary
8. smoking

Front 26

Diet of a pt w/ atherosclerosis?

Back 26

1. LOW saturated fat
2. GIVE CHOLESTEROL LOWERING AGENTS before meals

Front 27

Potential nursing dx for pt w/ alterations in fat metabolism?

Back 27

1. nutrition: less than body requirements, altered
2. knowledge deficit regarding dietary restriction