Nbeo Part 1- Pharm

Front 1

acetaminophen Tylenol

Back 1

-non-opioid analgesic
bad anti-inflammatory; safe for pregnancy

-primary risk: Hepatotoxicity

Front 2

acetazolamide Diamox

Back 2

-oral Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
-glaucoma
-acts on ciliary body epithelium to
decrease bicarbonate production

-SE: metallic taste, tingling and in hands and feet, metabolic acidosis, depression, diarrhea
-bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia

Front 3

acetylcysteine Mucomyst

Back 3

-mucolytic agent (breaks disulfide bonds in proteins of mucous)
-filamentary keratitis, dry eye, corneal burns

Front 4

acyclovir Zovirax

Back 4

-oral antiviral
-active HZO, prophylactic HSV keratitis

Front 5

albuterol Ventolin

Back 5

-beta 2 agonist (B2>B1)
-asthma

Front 6

alprazolam Xanax

Back 6

-anxiolytic, binds GABA receptions, anticholinergic

-SE: mydriasis

Front 7

amantadine Symmetrel

Back 7

-antioparkinsonian, potentiate dopamine in the brain

Front 8

amiodarone Cordarone

Back 8

-class 3: K+ channel blocker, anti-arrythmic

-3 ocular SE:
1) NAION
2) whorl keratopathy ( >400 mg/day)
3) anterior subcapsulary cataracts (>600mg/day after 6 months)

-3 systemic SE:
1) fatal pulmonary toxicity
2) hepatic toxicity
3) thyroid dysfunction

Front 9

amitriptyline Elavil

Back 9

-Tricyclic anti-depressant

-inhibits NE and Serotonin reuptake

-SE: dry eye syndrome (anti-cholinergic)

Front 10

amoxicillin Principen

Back 10

-cell wall synthesis blocker (transpeptidase inhibitor)

-not resistant to penicillinase

Front 11

amphotericin B Amphocin

Back 11

-antifungal, binds ergosterol and forms pores
SE: nephrotoxicity

Front 12

apraclonidine Iopidine

Back 12

-alpha 2 agonist with limited alpha 1
-glaucoma

-acute: greatest IOP reducer but tachyphalxis and high allergic response (toxic conjunctivitis)

-causes reversal of aisocornia in Horner's (no effect on normal pupil)

Front 13

atenolol Tenormin

Back 13

-non- selective beta blocker
-ant-HTN, block release of renin from kidney

-doesn't pass through blood-brain barrier

Front 14

atorvastatin Lipitor

Back 14

- HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor (statin)
-anti-hyperlipidemia

-SE: hepatotoxicity and myopathy

Front 15

azathioprine Imuran

Back 15

-immunosuppressant: purine analog that stops replication
-Rhenumatoid arthritis, kidney transplant rejection

Front 16

azelastine Optivar

Back 16

-topical mast cell/antihistamine combo

Front 17

azithromycin Zithromax

Back 17

-macrolide anti-biotic, works on 50S ribosomal subunit

-Oral: Chlamydia

-Topical: Blepharitis

Front 18

benazepril Lotensin

Back 18

- ACE inhibitor (antiotensin 2 inhibitor)
-anti-HTN
-SE: Cough

Front 19

betaxolol Betoptic S

Back 19

-selective B1 beta blocker
-glaucoma

-neuroprotective qualitites

Front 20

bimatoprost Lumigan

Back 20

-prostaglandin analog
-1st line for POAG

-27-35% IOP lowering

-1) acts on PGF1a receptors: break down collagen and increase uveoscleral output
2) activates phospholipase C

-CI: 1) risk for CME,
2) active inflammation
3) previous episodes of herpes simplex keratitis

-SE: iris heterochromia, increased pigmentation and growth, skin darkening around the eye

-bedtime dosing

Front 21

botulinum toxin Botox

Back 21

-cholinergic atagonist, blcoks release of Ach

Front 22

brimonidine Alphagan P

Back 22

-highly selective alpha 2 agonist
-longterm treatment of glaucoma

-neuprotective

-other use: miosis (reduce glare, halos and night vision symptoms for LASIK/ PRK pts)

Front 23

brinzolamide Azopt

Back 23

-topical CAI
-glaucoma

-acts on ciliary body epithelium to decrease bicarbonate

-SE: metallic taste, tingling in hands and feet, metabolic acidosis, diarrhea

Front 24

bromfenac Xibrom

Back 24

-topical NSAID
-non-selective, reversibe

Front 25

bromocriptine Parlodel

Back 25

-antiparkinsonian

-dopamine agonist used for prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas

Front 26

brompheniramine Dimetane

Back 26

-1st generation antihistamine
-CNS effect

Front 27

captopril Capoten

Back 27

-ACE inhibitor
-anti-HTN

-SE: Cough

Front 28

ceftriaxone Rocephin

Back 28

-3rd generation cephalosporine
-TOC for gonorrhea

SE: hypersensitivity, alters vitamin K absorption

Front 29

celecoxib Celebrex

Back 29

-oral NSAID, selective for COX-2 pathway
-helps protect gastric mucosa

-SJS
Black box warning: increase risk of CVA and GI problems

Front 30

cephalexin Keflex

Back 30

-1st generation cephalosporin
-skin infections around the eye

SE: hypersensitivity, alters vitamin K absorption

Front 31

cetirizine Zyrtec

Back 31

-2nd generation oral antihistamine (H1)
-limited CNS access

-SE: abnomral EOM contractions, oculogyris crisis

Front 32

chloramphenicol Chloromycetin
or Chloroptic

Back 32

-antiobiotic, 50S ribosomal subunit

-SE: fatal aplastic anemia, optic neuritis

Front 33

chloroquine Aralen

Back 33

-antiparasitic, causes heme build up
-malaria

SE: bulls' eye maculopathy/ RPE mottling

Risk factors:
1. >3mg/kg
2. >5 years
3. abnormal renal function

Front 34

chlorothiazide Diuril

Back 34

-diuretic, inhibits NaCl reabsorption
-anti-HTN
-Ca sparing
-works on early DCT
SE: acute transient myopia, acute angle closure
D

Front 35

chlorpheniramine Chlor-Trimeton

Back 35

-1st generation (H1) antihistamine

-penetrate CNS

-SE: mydriasis, dry eye

Front 36

chlorpromazine Thorazine

Back 36

-antipsycotic, D2 receptor antagonist

-3 pigment issues:
1) pigment on corneal endothelium
2) anterior stellate cataract
3) hyperpigmenation of RPE

-3 anticholinergic effects:
1) dry eye
2) mydriasis
3) increased IOP

+Ocular gyrate crisis

Front 37

chlorpropamide Diabinese

Back 37

-sulfonylurea,increase insulin section from beta cells
-DM 2

Front 38

cholestyramine Questran

Back 38

-bile acid binding resin (prevents their reabsorption)
-anti-hyperlipidemia
SE: constipation & fatty stools

Front 39

cimetidine Tagamet

Back 39

-H2 receptor blocker, decreases acid secretion from parietal cells

Front 40

ciprofloxacin Ciloxan or Cipro

Back 40

- 2nd generation fluroquinolone, inhibits DNA gyase and topoisomerase IV

-main drug for anything bacterial in the eye

Front 41

clarithromycin Biaxin

Back 41

-macrolide, works on 50S ribosomal subunit

-oral for URI and LRI (lower respiratory infections)

Front 42

clindamycin Cleocin

Back 42

-Macrolide, works at 50S ribosomal subunit

MRSA

Front 43

clonidine Catapres

Back 43

-alpha 2 agonist (inhibitor receptor), decreases sympathetic outflow
-decreases vascular resistance in HTN
*acute lowering of HR

Front 44

cromolyn sodium Crolom

Back 44

-topical mast cell stabilizer

-not effective for acute allergy symptoms

Front 45

cyclobenzaprine Flexeril

Back 45

-skeletal muscle relaxant, decreases spinal polysynaptic reflexes

Front 46

cyclopentolate Cyclogyl

Back 46

-topical cholinergic antagonist

-standard cycloplegic agent

-fastest onset and shortest duration of cycloplegic effects (45 minutes)

Front 47

cyclosporine Neoral or
Sandimmune

Back 47

inhibits release and production of IL-2 --> decrease T cells
SE: opportunistic infx

Front 48

dexamethasone Maxidex

Back 48

-potent topical steroid

-combo with tobramycin in tobradex

Front 49

dextroamphetamine Dexedrine

Back 49

-CNS stimulant, increases dopamine release
-ADHD/ ADD

-SE: chronic use --> mydriasis and dry eye
-mydriasis can cause angle closure

Front 50

diazepam Valium

Back 50

-anxiolytic, binds GABA receptors

-SE: mydriasis (anticholinergic)

Front 51

diclofenac sodium Voltaren

Back 51

-Topical NSAID, non-selective and reversible
SE: increase IOP

Front 52

dicloxacillin Dynapen

Back 52

-penicillinase resistant penicillin

-DOC for MSSA

Front 53

digoxin Lanoxin

Back 53

-inhibits Na/K ATPase
-Congestive heart failure

-SE:
1) retrobulbar optic neuritis
2) B/Y color defects
3) entopic phenomenon

Front 54

diltiazem Cardizem

Back 54

-Ca Channel blocker
-anti-HTN

-low-tension glaucoma: may increase profusion to optic nerve

Front 55

diphenhydramine Benadryl

Back 55

-1st generation antihistamine (H1)

-penetrates CNS

-SE: mydrasis, dry eye

Front 56

dipyridamole Persantine

Back 56

inhibits adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase -> accumulation of cAMP and adenosine -> inhibit platelet aggregation
SE: bleeding risk

Front 57

donepezil Aricept

Back 57

-AChase inhibitor, CNS acting
-Dementia/ Alzheimer's

-modestly reduces IOP

Front 58

dorzolamide Trusopt

Back 58

-topical CAI, acts on cilliary body epithelium to decrease bicarbonate

-SE: metallic taste, tingling in hands and feet, metabolic acidosis, depression, diarrhea

Front 59

echothiophate Phospholine

Back 59

-indirect cholinergic agonist (AchE inhbitor)
-MG diagnosis/ treatment

-irreversible effect

Front 60

edrophonium Enlon

Back 60

-indirect cholinergic agonist (AchE inhbitor)
-MG diagnosis (primary way)

-Tensilon test

Front 61

emedastine Emadine

Back 61

-topical H1 antihistamine
-allergic conjunctivitis

Front 62

enalapril Vasotec

Back 62

-ACE inhibitor
-Anti-HTN

-SE: Cough

Front 63

epinastine Elestat

Back 63

-topical mast-cell stabilizer/anti-histamine combo

Front 64

esomeprazole Nexium

Back 64

-oral PPI
-1st line for PUD/ GERD

Front 65

ethambutol Myambutol

Back 65

-TB drug (antimicrobial)

-SE: optic neuritis

Front 66

famciclovir Famvir

Back 66

-antiviral, inhibits DNA polymerase
-HSV 1/2 and VZV

Front 67

famotidine Pepcid

Back 67

-H2 receptor blocker, decreases gastric acid production

Front 68

fexofenadine Allegra

Back 68

-2nd generation (H1) antihistamine
-limited CNS access

Front 69

fluconazole Diflucan

Back 69

-antifungal, inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Front 70

fluorometholone FML

Back 70

-soft topical steroid

-SE: increased risk of secondary infection, PSC cataract, glaucoma

Front 71

fluoxetine Prozac

Back 71

-SSRI
-anti-depressant

Front 72

flurbiprofen Ocufen

Back 72

-topical NSAID, non-selective, reversible

Front 73

fluticasone Flonase or
Flovent

Back 73

-steroid in advair
(B2 2 agonist)

Front 74

foscarnet Foscavir

Back 74

DNA polymerase inhibitor
-2nd line CMV (when Ganciclovir fails) - "safety net"

Front 75

furosemide Lasix

Back 75

-diuretic, acts on Na2/Cl/K Co-transport

-acts on thick ascending LOH

Front 76

ganciclovir Cytovene

Back 76

-1st line antiviral for HSV keratitis/CMV retinitis
-maintenance, low dosage, BAK

-SE: bone marrow suppresion

Front 77

gatifloxacin Zymar

Back 77

-4th generation fluoroquinolone, inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

-main drug for anything bacterial in the ey

Front 78

gentamicin Garamycin

Back 78

-blocker of protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit

-SE: SPK and delayed re-epithelialization

Front 79

glipizide Glucotrol

Back 79

-sulfonylurea, increases section of insulin from beta cells
-DM2

Front 80

glyburide Diabeta or
Micronase

Back 80

-sulfonylurea, increases section of insulin from beta cells
-DM2

Front 81

glycerin Osmoglyn

Back 81

-creates hyperosmotic gradient in ciliary stroma plasma, lowers IOP
-acute angle closures

-SE: vomitting

-CI: Diabetes, it increases blood sugar levels

Front 82

griseofulvin Grifulvin V

Back 82

-anti-fungal, inhibits microtubules formation

Front 83

hydralazine Apresoline

Back 83

-vasodilator, works on cGMP
-anti-HTN
SE: tachycardia, fluid retention, and lupus-like syndrome

Front 84

hydrochlorothiazide Hydrodiuril

Back 84

-diuretic, inhibits NaCl reabsortion
-anti-HTN
-Ca sparing
-works on early DCT
SE: acute transient myopia, acute angle closure

Front 85

hydroxychloroquine Plaquenil

Back 85

-inhibits phospholipase A2
-Lupus, RhA, malaria

-SE: bull's eye maculopathy

-Risk factors:
1) >6.5mg/Kg
2) >5 years
3) abnormal renal function

Front 86

ibuprofen Motrin or
Advil

Back 86

-NSAID, non-selective, reversible

-NSAIDs dont' cause Reye's syndrome (asprin)

Front 87

imipramine Tofranil

Back 87

TCA, anti-depressent
- inhibits NE and serotonin reuptake

-anticholinergic effects
T

Front 88

indomethacin Indocin

Back 88

-NSAID, non-selective

-SE:
1) Whorl Keratopathy
2) Retinal Hemorrhages
3) Pigmentary changes (macula)

Front 89

isoniazid Nydrazid

Back 89

TB drug (latent)
SE: pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) deficiency, optic atrophy

Front 90

isoproterenol Isuprel

Back 90

-nonspecific beta 2 agonist
-asthma bronchodilator/arrhythmias

Front 91

isotretinoin Accutane

Back 91

for Acne

-many side effects!
1) SPK
2) Blepharoconjuctivitis, dryness, lid edema, psuedotumor cerebri
3) decrease tear secretion
4) color vision loss
5) nyctalopia

Front 92

ketoconazole Nizoral

Back 92

-antifungal, inhibits ergosterol synthesis

Front 93

ketorolac Acular or
Toradol

Back 93

-topical NSAID
-allergies

SE: corneal melt

Front 94

ketotifen Zaditor

Back 94

-topical mast cell/antihistamine combo

Front 95

labetalol Trandate

Back 95

-non selective beta 1/2 antagonist
-anti-HTN

Front 96

latanoprost Xalatan

Back 96

-prostaglandin analog,
1st line for POAG

-lowers 27-35%

-acts on:
1)PGF1a receptors on ciliary muscle
2) activates phospholipase C

-CI:
1) risk for CME
2) active inflammation
3) previous episodes of herpes simplex keratitis

SE:
1) iris heterochromia
2) increased pigmentation and growth
3) skin darkening around the eyes

-bedtime dosing

Front 97

levalbuterol Xopenex

Back 97

-Beta 2>beta 1 agonist
-asthma

Front 98

levobunolol Betagan

Back 98

-non-selective beta blocker
glaucoma

-similar to timolol

Front 99

levofloxacin Quixin

Back 99

-3rd generation fluoroquinolone, inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

-main drug for anything bacterial in the eye

Front 100

levothyroxine Synthroid

Back 100

-acts like T4
-hypothryoid

-SE:
1) hyperthryoidism
2) pseudotumor cerebri in kids

Front 101

lidocaine Xylocaine

Back 101

analgesic for lid procedures

metabolized by liver

Front 102

lindane Kwell

Back 102

-tx for lice and scabies
-toxic to the eye -> conjunctivitis

Front 103

lisinopril Prinivil or
Zestril

Back 103

-ACE inhibitor
-anti-HTN

-SE: Cough

Front 104

lodoxamide Alomide

Back 104

-topical mast-cell stabilizer

-not effective in acute allergy symptoms

Front 105

loratadine Claritin

Back 105

-2nd generation (H1) antihistamine
-limited CNS access

Front 106

losartan Cozaar

Back 106

-ARBs (angiotension2 receptor antagonists)

-No cough!!

Front 107

loteprednol Alrex or
Lotemax

Back 107

-soft topical steroid
-only ester-based steroid -> less SEs
-SE: corneal melt

Front 108

lovastatin Mevacor

Back 108

-HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
-anti-hyperlipidemia

-SE: hepatotoxicity and myopathy

Front 109

mannitol Osmitrol

Back 109

-osmotic diuretic, increases plasma osmolarity pulling fluid out
-anti-HTN
contra in pulmonary edema, dehydration, and CHF

Front 110

meperidine Demerol

Back 110

-opioid analgesic, acts on Mu, Kappa, Delta

-SE: miosis, can cause papillodema

Front 111

metaproterenol Alupent

Back 111

-Beta 2 agonist, bronchodilator
-Asthma
no longer used due to excessive cardio effects from B1 stimulation

Front 112

metformin Glucophage

Back 112

-biguanides, decrease liver glucose productions (decreases gluconeogenesis)
DM 2

-1st line for most type 2

-SE: lactic acidosis

-CI: renal insufficiency

Front 113

methazolamide Neptazane

Back 113

-oral CAI, works on cilliary body epithelium to decrease bicarbonate
glaucoma

-SE: metallic taste, tingling in hands and feet, metabolic acidosis, depression, diarrhea
-bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia

Front 114

methotrexate Rheumatrex

Back 114

-immunosuppresant/anti-metabolites, inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (inhibit DNA synthesis)
-RhA, Psoriasis, leukemia, lymphoma

-SE: hepatoxicity & myelosuppresion

Front 115

methylphenidate Ritalin

Back 115

-CNS stimulant, increases dopamine release
ADHD, ADD

-SE: mydriasis, dry eye
-mydriasis can cause angle closure

Front 116

metipranolol OptiPranolol

Back 116

- non-selective beta blocker
-glaucoma

-Not as effective as Timolol

Front 117

metoprolol Lopressor

Back 117

-selective beta 1 blocker

Front 118

metronidazole MetroGel or
MetroCream

Back 118

-antimicrobial, disrupts DNA and nucleic acid synthesis
-chronic acne rosaea

Front 119

miconazole Monistat-Derm

Back 119

-antifungal, inhbits ergosterol synthesis

Front 120

misoprostol Cytotec

Back 120

-synthetic prostaglandin
-prevention or treatment of NSAID induced ulcer

Front 121

montelukast Singulair

Back 121

-leukotriene antagonist
-asthma

Front 122

moxifloxacin Vigamox or
Avelox

Back 122

-4th generation fluorquinolone, inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

-main drug for anything bacterial in the eye

Front 123

naloxone Narcan

Back 123

-opioid antagonist
-reverse opioid overdose

-pupil mydraisis and pain comes back

Front 124

naphazoline Naphcon

Back 124

-adrenergic agonist, , alpha> beta

-in visine

-SE: dilation with overuse

Front 125

naproxen Aleve

Back 125

-NSAID, reversible and non-specific

-Does not cause Reye's syndrome (Asprin)

Front 126

natamycin Natacyn

Back 126

-antifungal, binds to ergosterol and makes pores

-DOC for fungal keratitis

-only FDA approve topical anti-fungal

Front 127

nedocromil Tilade

Back 127

-topical mast cell stabilizer

-not effective for acute allergy symptoms

Front 128

neostigmine Prostigmin

Back 128

-indirect cholinergic agonist (AchE inhibitor)
treatment and diagnosis of MG

Front 129

nifedipine Procardia

Back 129

-Ca channel blocker,
-Anti-HTN

-may be useful for low tension glaucoma: increasing profusion to the optic nerve

Front 130

nystatin Mycostatin

Back 130

-antifungal, binds to ergosterol and creates pores

Front 131

ofloxacin Ocuflox

Back 131

-2nd generation fluoroquinolone, inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

-main drug for anything bacterial in the eye

Front 132

olopatadine Patanol

Back 132

-topical mast-cell/antihistamine combo

Front 133

omeprazole Prilosec

Back 133

-PPI
1st line for PUD/GERD

Front 134

oseltamivir Tamiflu

Back 134

-inhibits neuraminidase

-vaccine for the flu

Front 135

oxycodone Roxicodone

Back 135

-opioid analgesic, works on mu, kappa, delta receptors

-SE: miosis

Front 136

pegaptanib Macugen

Back 136

-anti-VEGF
-exedative ARMD

Front 137

penicillamine Cuprimine

Back 137

immunosuppression to treat rheumatoid arthritis/chelate Wilson's dz

SE: bone marrow suppression

Front 138

phenelzine Nardil

Back 138

-MOI, blocks breakdown for NE and Serotonin
-anti-depressant

-SE:
1) with tyramine (in food/drinks) --> lethal hypertensive crisis
2) with SSRI -> serotonin syndrome
many others

Front 139

phenobarbital Luminal

Back 139

-anticonvulsant, works on AMPA

Front 140

phenylephrine Neo-Synephrine

Back 140

-topical adrenergic agonist, works on dilator (alpha 1)

-45 -60 min max effect

Front 141

phenytoin Dilantin

Back 141

-anticonvulsant

-SE: nystagmus, diplopia

Front 142

pioglitazone Actos

Back 142

-thiazolidinedione, increases glucose uptake in muscle and fat tissue, PARA/Gamma
DM 2
-New or worsens macular edema

Front 143

piroxicam Feldene

Back 143

reversible Cox-1 and Cox-2 inhibitor
SE: risk of bleeding
Black box warning: fatal MI and stroke

Front 144

pralidoxime Protopam

Back 144

used in combination with atropine to reverse paresis of respiratory muscles from buildup of ACh

Front 145

prazosin Minipress

Back 145

-alpha 1 selective receptor antagonist,
benign prostatic hypertrophy

Front 146

promethazine Phenergan

Back 146

-1st generation (H1) antihistamine
-CNS penetrating

-SE: Mydrasis, dry eye

Front 147

proparacaine Ophthaine

Back 147

-ester, topical anesthetic

-SE: corneal melt

Front 148

propranolol Inderal

Back 148

-non-selective Beta antagonist
-anti-HTN

Front 149

pseudoephedrine Sudafed

Back 149

nonspecific alpha and beta adrenergic agonist
SE: adrenergic effects

Front 150

pyridostigmine Mestinon

Back 150

-indirect cholinergic agonist (AchE inhibitor)
-1st line for treatment of MG

Front 151

pyrimethamine Daraprim

Back 151

-anti-parasitic (toxo), inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

-SE: can induce myopia, SJS

Front 152

ranibizumab Lucentis

Back 152

-monoclonal antibody,
-exudative ARMD

Front 153

ranitidine Zantac

Back 153

-H2 receptor blocker, decreases gastric acid secretion

Front 154

ribavirin Copegus or
Rebetol

Back 154

-inhibits RNA polymerase, antiviral for Hepatitis C, RSV

-SE: inhaled can cause conjunctivitis

Front 155

rifampin Rifadin

Back 155

TB drug
prevents mRNA synthesis
- SE: pink discoloration to urine and tears

Front 156

rimexolone Vexol

Back 156

-potent topical steroid

-SE: increase risk of infection, PSC cataract, glaucoma

Front 157

salmeterol Serevent

Back 157

-inhaled long acting b2 agonist,
asthma

Front 158

sildenafil Viagra

Back 158

-vasodilator for ER

-SE:
subconjunctival hemhorrages, conjunctival hyperemia
NAION

Front 159

simvastatin Zocor

Back 159

-HMG CoA Reducatase inhibitor
-anti-hyperlipidemia

-SE: hepatoxicity, myopathy

Front 160

sodium chloride Muro-128

Back 160

-hyperosmotic for corneal edema

Front 161

sucralfate Carafate

Back 161

-gastric lining protector ("BCL for stomach")
tx for peptic ulcer dz (PUD)

Front 162

sulfacetamide Sulamyd

Back 162

-antibiotic, inhibits dihydropteroate synthase

Front 163

sulfadiazine Microsulfan

Back 163

-anti-parasitic, inhibits dihydropteroate synthase
-tx: toxoplasmosis w/ pyrimethamine

Front 164

sulfamethoxazole Gantanol

Back 164

-antibiotic, inhibits dihydropteroate synthase

Front 165

sulfisoxazole Gantrisin

Back 165

used in combo with erythromycin to tx acute otitis media

Front 166

sumatriptan Imitrex

Back 166

migraine therapy -> serotonin 1B and 1D receptor agonist
-vasoconstriction and reduces inflammation in CNS (can result in NAION)

Front 167

tamoxifen Nolvadex

Back 167

-competitive partial agonist inhibitor of estradiol

-SE: crystalline retinopathy, whorl keratopathy

-Increased risk:
1) >6.5 mg/kg/day
2) > 5 years

Front 168

tamsulosin Flomax

Back 168

-alpha 1 receptors antagonist
-Anti-HTN, Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

SE: intaoperative floppy iris syndrome

Front 169

terazosin Hytrin

Back 169

-alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist
-Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Front 170

terbutaline Brethine

Back 170

-beta 2 agonist
asthma

Front 171

tetrahydrozoline Visine

Back 171

-alpha agonist, vasoconstriction

Front 172

theophylline Theo-Dur

Back 172

-inhibits phosphodiesterase
-COPD

-narrow therapeutic index
contra w/ BBs

Front 173

thioridazine Mellaril

Back 173

-antipsycotic, D2 receptor antagonist

-3 pigment issues:
1) pigment on the corneal endothelium
2) anterior stellate cataract
3) hyperpigmentation of RPE

-3 anticholinergic effects:
1) dry eye
2) mydriasis
3) increased IOP

+Ocular gyrate crisis

Front 174

timolol Timoptic

Back 174

-non-selective beta blocker
glaucoma, once daily in morning

-25% reduction in IOP

-CI: diabetes, hyperthyroidism --> mask the effects

-long term drift and short-term escape

Front 175

tobramycin Tobrex

Back 175

-aminoglycoside, blocks protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit

Front 176

tramadol Ultram

Back 176

Agonist at Mu opiate receptor

Front 177

travoprost Travatan

Back 177

-prostaglandin analog,
1st line for POAG

-lowers 27-35%

-acts on:
1)PGF1a receptors on ciliary muscle
2) activates phospholipase C

-CI:
1) risk for CME
2) active inflammation
3) previous episodes of herpes simplex keratitis

SE:
1) iris heterochromia
2) increased pigmentation and growth
3) skin darkening around the eyes

-bedtime dosing

Front 178

triamcinolone Aristocort or
Kenalog

Back 178

-inj steroid
-tx: CSME, Graves, posterior uveitis, chalazion, CME

-SE: endopthalmitis with intravitreal injections
~depigmentation in dark-skinned individuals

Front 179

triamterene Dyrenium

Back 179

-K+ sparing diuretic
anti-HTN
-directly blocks epithelial sodium channels
-does not have anti-androgen effects
-acts on late DCT and collecting duct

Front 180

trifluridine Viroptic

Back 180

-antiviral, inhibits DNA polymerase
- toxic, high dosing, Thimerosal

Front 181

trimethoprim Primsol

Back 181

-antibiotic, inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

-not effective against pseudomonas

-SE: can induce myopia, SJS

Front 182

tropicamide Mydriacyl

Back 182

-cholinergic antagonist, mydriasis

-fastest onset and shortest duration of mydriatic, 20-35 minutes max onset

-very safe overall

Front 183

valacyclovir Valtrex

Back 183

-prodrug of acyclovir, inhbits DNA polymerase
HSV 1/2, VZV

Front 184

vardenafil Levitra

Back 184

-vasodilator for ER

-competitor of Viagra

Front 185

verapamil Calan or Isoptin

Back 185

-Ca channel blocker
Anti-HTN

Front 186

warfarin Coumadin

Back 186

-vitamin k antagonist, interferes with clotting factor 2, 4, 9 and 10
chonic anticoagulation

-should be discontinued 4-5 days before cataract surgery

Front 187

zafirlukast Accolate

Back 187

-leukotriene antagonist
asthma

Front 188

zidovudine Retrovir

Back 188

-anti HIV drug, inhibitor of viral reverse transcriptase

Front 189

TOXICITY
Whorl Keratopathy

Back 189

CHAI- T
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Amiodarone
Indomethacin
Tamoxifen

Front 190

TOXICITY
SPK

Back 190

Isotretinoin (Accutane)
BAK
Topical aminoglycosides

Front 191

TOXICITY
Endothelial/Descemet's pigmentation

Back 191

Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine

Front 192

TOXICITY
Delayed healing

Back 192

Corticosteroids

Front 193

TOXICITY
Anterior Subcapsulary effects

Back 193

Chlorpromazine
Amiodarone
Miotic

Front 194

TOXICITY
Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts

Back 194

Corticosteroids

Front 195

TOXICITY
increased growth and pigmentation on conj and lids

Back 195

prostaglandin analogs

Front 196

TOXICITY
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

Back 196

NSAIDs
Sildenafil (Viagra)- also Conj hyperemia

Front 197

TOXICITY
decreased tear secretion

Back 197

anticholinergics: atrophine, scopamine
antihistamines: 1st generation H1 blockers
Isotretinoin (Accutane)
B-Blockers: esp timolol, atenolol, propranolol
Phenothiazines (anti-psychotics): chlorpromazine, thioridazine
Hormone therapies
CNS Stimulants: methylphenidate, dexroamphetamine
Diuretics: hydrochlorothiazide

Front 198

TOXICITY
Mydriasis

Back 198

anticholinergics: atrophine, scopolamine
antihistamines: 1st generation H1 blockers
Phenothiazines (anti-psychotics): chlorpromazine, thioridazine
CNS Stimulants: methylphenidate, dexroamphetamine
CNS depressants: phenobarbital, diazepam

Front 199

TOXICITY
miosis

Back 199

Opiates
Anticholinesterases: Negostigmine, other MG drugs

Front 200

TOXICITY
nystagmus

Back 200

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Phenobarbitol (Luminal)
ASA (NSAIDs)

Front 201

TOXICITY
Diplopia

Back 201

Antidepressants
Anxiolytics

Front 202

TOXICITY
Oculogyris Crisis

Back 202

Phenothiazine
Cetirizine

Front 203

TOXICITY
Floppy Iris

Back 203

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

Front 204

TOXICITY
Uveitis

Back 204

Cidofovir (Vistide)
Mycobutin (Ribabutin)
Sulfonamides

Front 205

TOXICITY
Blue Sclera

Back 205

Corticosteroids
Minocycline

Front 206

TOXICITY
optic neuritis

Back 206

Digoxin- retrobulbar
Ethambutol- retrobulbar
Chloramphenicol
Sulfonmides
Isoniazid -rare
oral contraceptives- rare

Front 207

TOXICITY
NAION

Back 207

Sildenafil (Viagra)
Sumatriptan (Imitrex)
Amiodarone (Corarone)

Front 208

TOXICITY
B/Y color defects
Entopic phenomenon

Back 208

Digoxin

Front 209

TOXICITY
Bull's Eye Maculopathy

Back 209

Chlorquine
Hydroxycholorquine (less than Chloroquine)
--Thioridazine --> looks like Bull's eye maculopathy

Front 210

TOXICITY
white/yellow crystalline deposits
with or without macular edema

Back 210

Tamoxifen

Front 211

TOXICITY
Retinal Hemorrage

Back 211

Indomethacin
NSAIDs

Front 212

TOXICITY
Increase IOP

Back 212

atrophine and scopolamine
Antihistamines: 1st generation H1 antihistamines
Tricyclic antidepressants
Phenothiazines (antipsychotics): Chlorpromazine, thioridazine
Corticosteroids

Front 213

allopurinol Zyloprim

Back 213

tx: gout

SE: SJS

Front 214

zafirlukast Accolate

Back 214

leukotriene receptor antatonist -> allergic rhinitis, asthma, and bronchoconstriction

Front 215

bepostatine Bepreve

Back 215

-ophthalmic MCS/anti-histaminic combo

-long-term mx of ocular itching and allergic conj. and acute relief of symptoms

Front 216

besifloxacin Besivance

Back 216

novel FQ

formulated just for ophthalmic use

Front 217

carteolol Ocupress

Back 217

non-selective beta-blocker
-not as effective as other BB in glc
-intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA)
-modest reduction in hypercholesterolemia
- less SEs than other BBs

Front 218

difluprednate Durezol

Back 218

very potent steroid emulsion/gel
-guaranteed to increased IOP

Front 219

gemfibrozil Lopid

Back 219

binds to PPAR receptor to increase breakdown of VLDL
-add-on cholesterol med
SE: GI disturbances, skin rash, urticaria, myositis

Front 220

hydrocortisone Cortef

Back 220

steroid cream
tx: poison ivy, skin rash

Front 221

ipratropium Atrovent

Back 221

muscarinic antagonist: blocks receptors in bronchial smooth muscle -> inhibiting bronchoconstriction
"pro-adrenergic"

Front 222

spironolactone Aldactone

Back 222

blocks aldosterone in late DCT/collecting duct
"spares K+"

Front 223

pemirolast Alamast

Back 223

MCS
prevents Ca influx and future degranulation
tx: chronic allergic conj, VKC, AKC

Front 224

nepafenac Nevanac

Back 224

topical NSAID prodrug
SE: elevated IOP