Nbde Microbiology/pathology Vac

Front 1

An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil and lanolin, and used as an immunopotentiator (booster of the immune System), and consists of a complete form and an incomplete form.

Back 1

Freund's Adjuvant

Front 2

What consititutes Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA)

Back 2

Mineral Oil
Lanolin
Inactivated and dried mycobacteria (usu. mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Front 3

What is used to elicit stronger T- and B- cell mediated responses when antigens alone do not evoke sufficient immunogenic responses

Back 3

Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant

Front 4

What are the roles of an Adjuvant?

Back 4

Enhance Antibody response
Enhance Uptake of antigen by antigen presenting cells
Slow down absorption and increase uptake of a vaccine

Front 5

The use of _____ eliminates the need for repeated booster doses of the antigen and permits the use of smaller doses of the antigen in the vaccine.

Back 5

Adjuvants

Front 6

A bacterial toxin whose toxicity has been weakened or destroyed by either chemical (formaldehyde) or heat treatment. Although they have lost their toxic properties they still retain their ______, thus are able to produce antitoxin antibodies

Back 6

Toxoid
Immunogenicity

Front 7

What are toxoid usually administered with?
What diseases are they useful against?

Back 7

Adjuvant
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, ect.

Front 8

An antibody formed in response to a specific toxin.

Back 8

Antitoxin

Front 9

A serum containing _____ can be used for either treatment or prevention of certain bacterial diseases.

Back 9

Antitoxin

Front 10

What does an antitoxin do to prevent disease?

Back 10

Neutralizes unbound toxins

Front 11

What are the disadvantages of using toxoid vaccines?

Back 11

Even with an adjuvant added these vaccines do not produce a full immune response, and booster shots are needed for immunity

Front 12

Antibodies used in passive immunization

Back 12

Immune globulins

Front 13

What are used to induce active immunization?

Back 13

Toxoids

Front 14

What kind of immunity occurs naturally and artificially?

Back 14

Passive or Active Acquired immunity

Front 15

Human HBIG (human serum containing a high titer of antibiotics against HBV) to prevent hep B in those not actively immunized with Hep B vaccine is an example of what?

Back 15

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Front 16

Immunity when a person is exposed to an antigen and the body produces antibodies. Ex: recovery from in infection with mumps virus confers lifelong immunity.

Back 16

Naturally acquired active immunity

Front 17

Immunity when anti bodies (IgG) are passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy and IgA passed from mother to newborn during breast feeding.

Back 17

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Front 18

Immunity from a vaccination with killed, inactivated, or attenuated bacteria or toxoid

Back 18

Artificially acquired active immunity

Front 19

Immunity from injection of immune serum or gamma-globulin

Back 19

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Front 20

What is the purpose of Artificially acquired active immunity

Back 20

Elicit an immune response before the onset of disease symptomatology. Effectiveness is dependent on slow onset of pathogen and vaccines speed to produce antibodies

Front 21

What are the diseases that are prevented with an inactivated virus vaccine?

Back 21

Influenza
Rabies
Hep A
Polio (salk) - Injection

Front 22

What are the diseases that are prevented with an attenuated live virus vaccine?

Back 22

Smallpox
Yellow Fever
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
Polio (sabin) - oral
Varicella (chickenpox)

Front 23

What are the diseases that are prevented by a purified HBsAg:Recombinant HBsAg vaccine?

Back 23

Hep B

Front 24

What is an attenuated live virus?

Back 24

One that exhibits decreased virulence

Front 25

What are the more potent vaccines?
Attenuated / Inactivated virus
Why?

Back 25

Attenuated Live Virus
Elicit all the innate and adaptive immune responses that the live viruses would.

Front 26

Vaccines that contain polysaccharide capsular material from the bacteria, usually conjugated to protein for greater immunogenicity

Back 26

Capsular polysaccharide vaccines

Front 27

What are the capsular polysaccharide vaccines?

Back 27

Strep. pneumonia vaccine (pneumonia)
Neisseria meningitides vaccine (meningitis)
Haemophilus influenzae vaccine (meningitis)

Front 28

What are the toxoid vaccines?

Back 28

Corynebacterium diphtheriae vaccine (diphtheria)
Clostridium tetani vaccine (tetany)

Front 29

What are the killed bacterial viruses?

Back 29

Bordetella pertussis vaccine (whopping cough)
Salmonella typhi vaccine (typhoid fever)
Vibrio cholerae vaccine (cholera)

Front 30

What are the live attenuated bacterial vaccines?

Back 30

Mycobacterium bovis vaccine (TB)
Francisella tularensis vaccine (tularemia)
Coxiella burnetti vaccine (Q fever)

Front 31

What is required from passive immunity to provide long term protection.

Back 31

Immune globulins for immediate protection
Vaccine for long term protection