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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What are characteristics of monogamy that have evolved due to sexual selection?
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Little variance in male
reproductive success Little body size dimorphism High male parental investment Small male testes size |
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What are characteristics of polygyny that have evolved as a result of sexual selection?
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Large variance in
male reproductive success Large body size dimorphism Low male parental investment Intense male aggression |
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What is the gibbon mating system like?
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Relatively Monogamous
No sexual dimorphism in body size or canine size |
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What is the orangutan mating system like?
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Polygynous
Large body size dimorphism (2:1) Male throat pouch for long calls |
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What is the gorilla mating system like?
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Polygynous
Large body size dimorphism (2:1) |
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What is the chimp mating system like?
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Promiscuous
Female sexual swellings Less body size dimorphism than gorillas or orangutans Large male testes size |
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What is the bonobo mating system like?
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Promiscuous
Female sexual swellings Somewhat more receptive to sex than chimpanzees when not swollen Female homosexuality Less body size dimorphism than gorillas or orangutans Large male testes size |
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How do humans fit in with monogamous tendencies?
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Minimal body size dimorphism
High male parental investment Pair bonding (love and attachment) |
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How do humans fit into the other side of the scale (polygyny)?
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some promiscuity, some polygyny, some serial polygyny, rarely polyandry (female with multiple males)
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What are the key features of the lordosis posture in rats?
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hind-end elevated, tail deflected to one side to facilitate intromission by male
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What did the study on viewing erotic film clips show?
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-Positive correlation between self-reported sexual arousal and hypothalamic activation
-Bilateral amygdala and insula activation in both m&f -Greater sexual arousal reported by men (relates to a sex difference in hypothalamic responsiveness) |
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How do inter and intra- sexual selection each correlate with reproductive success?
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-Greater intrasexual selection in the sex with greater variance in reproductive success
-Greater intersexual selection by sex with less variance in reproductive success |
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What are some putative sexually selected traits in humans?
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Face anatomy
Facial hair Trunk hair Voice Height Shoulder width Body fat deposition (waist:hip) |
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Which cross-cultural studies supported the association between low W:H and attractiveness? which culture varied?
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Indonesia (Singh and Lewis, 1995)
China (Dixson et al, 2007) Azore Islands, Guinea-Bissau (Singh, 2004) Eastern Ecuador (Sugiyama, 2004) |
Matsigenka from Peru (ideal: O9)
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In humans, what part of the brain seems to be related to which sex one is attracted to?
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the size of INAH-3 (females and homosexual males small, males larger)
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In general, what types of traits are men and women attracted to?
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those that are supported by sex steroid hormones and therefore correlate with fertility
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What must happen in female rats for sex?
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-male must mount as stimulus
-VMH (ventral medial hypothalamus) sends signal when senses steroid hormone levels (estrus) to produce lordosis posture |
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what must happen in male rats for sex?
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-sense appropriate phermones (in medial amygdala) if female is in receptive state
-mPOA senses levels of T, will activate circuit that results in mounting and ejaculation |
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What did the study of T influences on men's perceptions of attractiveness in faces show?
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-in men, strength of attraction to femininity correlated with high T (but only for female faces)
-in females, those with higher T chose more masculinized faces (of both males and females) |
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What did the study on the effect of estrogen on attractiveness show? possible evolutionary explanation?
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Increase in preference for males with high T in females with high estrogen levels
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when women are able to mate, want to choose males with more viable sperm
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