Naval Warfare Ns300

Front 1

Organization of the Department of the Navy

Back 1

Front 2

What is the administrative chain of command of the Navy?

Back 2

President of the United States
Secretary of Defense
Secretary of the Navy
Chief of Naval Operations
Component Commanders
Type Commanders
Group Commanders
Squadron Commanders
Unit Commanders

Front 3

What is the operational chain of command of the Navy?

Back 3

The National Command Authority
Unified Commanders
Component Commanders
Numbered Fleet commanders
Task Force Commanders
Task Group Commander
Task Unit Commander
Task Element Commander

Front 4

What are the major fleets?

Back 4

Fleet Forces Command
Commander US Pacific Fleet
6th Fleet
5th Fleet
3rd Fleet
7th Fleet
2nd Fleet
4th Fleet
10th Fleet

Front 5

What is the difference between Major and Numbered Fleets?

Back 5

Major Fleets are area specific and normally contain more than one numbered fleet.
Numbered fleets are defined in JP1-02 as a major tactical unit of the Navy, immediately subordinate to a major fleet command and comprising various TFs, elements, groups, and units for the purpose of prosecuting specific naval operations.

Front 6

What is the purpose of “Rules of Engagement?”

Back 6

ROE are the situational criteria, usually written and promulgated for a specific area or event.
A contact must meet the criteria before being classified as hostile and fired upon.
ROE often has standard warnings and procedures for ID of unknown contacts.
ROE will change due to circumstances of different AORs.

Front 7

• Define Command and Control and describe the three components of which form the basis of the command and control system.

Back 7

Command and Control is the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander.
Naval command and control has three components
1. Command and control organization
2. Information
3. Command and control support.

Front 8

• Describe the Composite Warfare Commander (CWC) concept, how and why it works, and the standard organization.

Back 8

Command by negation. There are predetermined responses to certain situations that commanders on scene may initiate without first consulting the higher chain of command.

Its genesis was in response to the rapid growth in potential air and surface threats facing our naval forces during the Cold War.
The focus of the doctrine was originally defensive in nature, because of the global threat.
As the threat has become more regionalized, the C2 Structure has evolved into an offensive and defensive methodology.

Front 9

What is the mission and what are the functions of CIC (Combat Information Center).

Back 9

Its mission is to provide command and control stations with tactical and strategic information correlated from all sources to enable the Commanding Officer to determine the proper course of action in a multi-threat environment.
The primary function of CIC is information control and handling, which involves collecting, processing, disseminating and protecting pertinent tactical information.
The secondary functions of CIC are to support and assist.

Front 10

What is Condition I of Readiness?

Back 10

Combat posture in the multi-threat environment (condition of maximum readiness, GQ).
Requires additional manpower as weapons consoles be manned in order to defend against a possible threat. Manned weapons systems require a greater level of supervision. The primary supervisor in Combat is the Tactical Action Officer (TAO), the Commanding Officers direct representative in CIC tasked with "fighting the ship."

Front 11

What is Condition II of Readiness?

Back 11

Modified general quarters-used to permit some relaxation among the crew during combat readiness conditions. Condition II may also be used to set battle stations for a specific threat (eg. lIAS is set when there is only a submarine threat).
Requires additional manpower as weapons consoles be manned in order to defend against a possible threat. Manned weapons systems require a greater level of supervision. The primary supervisor in Combat is the Tactical Action Officer (TAO), the Commanding Officers direct representative in CIC tasked with "fighting the ship."

Front 12

What is Condition III of Readiness?

Back 12

Wartime cruising. Extended Defensive Profile (man all major sensor and weapons systems with less than maximum readiness, i.e., one gun mount manned out of two). This allows for rapid response in a lower threat environment.
Requires additional manpower as weapons consoles be manned in order to defend against a possible threat. Manned weapons systems require a greater level of supervision. The primary supervisor in Combat is the Tactical Action Officer (TAO), the Commanding Officers direct representative in CIC tasked with "fighting the ship."

Front 13

What is Condition IV of Readiness?

Back 13

Peacetime cruising. Ensure safe navigation.

Front 14

What is this NTDS symbology classify?

Back 14

Assumed Friend- Surface

Front 15

What is this NTDS symbology classify?

Back 15

Friend- air

Front 16

What is this NTDS symbology classify?

Back 16

Neutral subsurface.

Front 17

What is this NTDS symbology classify?

Back 17

Pending- surface

Front 18

What is this NTDS symbology classify?

Back 18

Suspect-subsurface

Front 19

What is this NTDS symbology classify?

Back 19

Hostile- surface

Front 20

What is this NTDS symbology classify?

Back 20

Unknown- air

Front 21

What are the different warning orders?

Back 21

Warning White- Attack is improbable
Warning Yellow- Attack is probable, hostile units enroute.
Warning Red- Attack is imminent, hostile units inbound.

Front 22

What are the different weapon orders?

Back 22

Weapons Safe- Do not Shoot unless in Self Defense
Weapons Tight- Fire on contacts classified as hostile only.
Weapons Free- Fire on any contacted not identified as friend

Front 23

What are the different engagement orders?

Back 23

Cover- maintain fire control solution on specified contact
Take- Engage specified contact
Cease Fire- Do not Fire
Hold Fire- Do not Fire, destroy missiles in flight

Front 24

What is the Detect-to-Engage Sequence

Back 24

Detection
Entry
Tracking
Identification
Threat Evaluation
Weapons pairing
Engagement
Battle Damage Assessment

Front 25

Explain Task Organization

Back 25

Task organizing enables the operational-level commander to exercise a more reasonable span of control. The purpose of task organizing is to produce tactical and operational results that enable accomplishment of operational and strategic objectives. Task forces execute discrete groups of missions that when coupled will accomplish a tactical or operational result.

Front 26

Explain the role of the Secretary of Defense.

Back 26

the Secretary of Defense is the principal assistant to the President for all matters relating to the Department of Defense. The Secretary is responsible for the effective, efficient, and economical operation of the Department of Defense, and he has statutory authority, direction, and control over the military departments.

Front 27

Explain Task Organization

Back 27

Task organizing enables the operational-level commander to exercise a more reasonable span of control. The purpose of task organizing is to produce tactical and operational results that enable accomplishment of operational and strategic objectives. Task forces execute discrete groups of missions that when coupled will accomplish a tactical or operational result.

Front 28

Explain the role of the Secretary of Defense.

Back 28

the Secretary of Defense is the principal assistant to the President for all matters relating to the Department of Defense. The Secretary is responsible for the effective, efficient, and economical operation of the Department of Defense, and he has statutory authority, direction, and control over the military departments.

Front 29

Explain the functions of the Department of Defense.

Back 29

1. Support and defend the Constitution of the US against all enemies, foreign and domestic
2. Ensure, by timely and effective military action, the security of the US, its possessions, and areas vital to its interest
3. Uphold and advance the national policies and interests of the US

Front 30

Explain the common functions of the military departments.

Back 30

The chain of command for purposes other than the operational direction of combatant commands runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense to the secretaries of the military departments to the chiefs of the Service forces.
The military departments are separately organized, each under civilian secretaries who are responsible for, and have the authority to conduct all affairs of their respective departments, including the following:
recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping, training, servicing, mobilizing, demobilizing, administering, maintaining, construction, outfitting, and repairing equipment, construction, maintenance, and repair of -buildings, structures, and utilities, acquisition of real property

Front 31

Explain the functions of the Department of the Navy and the Marine Corps.

Back 31

organize, train, equip and furnish Navy and Marine Corps forces for the conduct of prompt and sustained combat incident to operations at sea, including operations of sea-based aircraft and land-based naval air components– specifically, forces to seek out and destroy enemy naval forces and to suppress enemy sea commerce, to gain and maintain general naval supremacy, to establish and maintain local superiority in an area of naval operations, to seize and defend and advanced naval bases, and to conduct such land, air, and space operations as may be essential to the prosecution of a naval campaign
-organize, train, equip and furnish naval forces, including naval close air support and space forces, for the conduct of joint amphib operations
-organize, train, equip, and provide forces for strategic nuclear warfare to support strategic deterrence
-organize, train, equip, and provide forces for strategic nuclear warfare to support strategic deterrence
-organize, train, equip, and provide forces for reconnaissance, antisub warfare, protection of shipping, aerial refueling and minelaying, and controlled minefield operations; furnish the afloat forces for strategic sealift
-furnish air support essential for naval operations

Front 32

Explain the functions of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Back 32

The Goldwater-Nichols DOD Reorganization Act of 1986 identified the CJCS as the head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the senior ranking member of the Armed Forces.
By law, CJCS is now the principal military adviser to the President.
As appropriate, the CJCS may seek the advice of and consult with the other JCS members and combatant commanders.
When CJCS presents advice, he presents the advice or opinions of other JCS members and, as he considers appropriate, the range of military advice and opinions he has received.

Front 33

Describe why a Joint Staff is essential.

Back 33

"The Natl Security Act of 1947 formally established the Joint Chiefs of Staff and laid the foundation for the series of legislative and executive changes that produced today’s defense organization.
-A joint staff addressed the instances of confusion, poor inter-Service cooperation and lack of coordinated, joint military action that took place while Army and naval forces functioned autonomously with the President as their only common superior (operations in the Cuban campaign of the Spanish-American War in 1898).
-Advances in technology and the growing international involvement of the US required greater cooperation between the military departments.

Front 34

Explain the difference between a unified and specified combatant command.

Back 34

A unified combatant command has a broad, continuing mission under a single commander and is composed of forces from 2 or more military departments
-A specified combatant command (currently none) is normally composed of forces from 1 military department

Front 35

Explain the difference between combatant commanders assigned geographic area responsibilities and combatant commanders assigned functional responsibilities.

Back 35

5 combatant commanders have geographic area responsibilities. These combatant commanders are each assigned an area of responsibility (AOR) by the Unified Command Plan (UCP) and are responsible for all operations within their designated areas: U.S. Joint Forces Command, U.S. Central Command, U.S. European Command, U.S. Pacific Command, and U.S. Southern Command.
-4 combatant commanders assigned worldwide functional responsibilities not bounded by geography: U.S. Space Command, U.S. Special Operations Command, U.S. Strategic Command, and U.S. Transportation Command.

Front 36

Goldwater-Nichols DOD Reorganization Act of 1986

Back 36

-Designated chairman principle military adviser to PRES
-Transferred duties of corporate JCS to chairman
-Created position of vice chairman
-Specified chain if command to run from president to sec def to unified and specified combatant commanders

Front 37

Describe attrition warfare .

Back 37

the wearing down of an enemy
-Direct and systematic
-Our strength against an enemy’s strength
-“Linear” or two-dimensional

Front 38

Describe maneuver warfare.

Back 38

Indirect approach
-Mobility and spatial movement
-Timeliness
-Projection of combat power
-Our strength to his weakness

Front 39

What are differences between attrition and maneuver warfare?

Back 39

the way the enemy is engaged: attrition warfare (the wearing down of an enemy) and maneuver warfare (a high tempo, indirect philosophy)
-maneuver warfare, unlike attrition warfare, combat power is focused on key enemy weaknesses and vulnerabilities that allow us to strike the source of his power — the key to his existence and strength as a military threat.

Front 40

Explain both center of gravity and critical vulnerability.

Back 40

COG is something the enemy must have to continue military operations — critical to enemy operation, and not necessarily strong or a strength in itself.
There can only be one center of gravity.
Ex: a lengthy resupply line supporting forces engaged at a distance from the home front
CV’s are opportunities to access and destroy a COG. They are critical to the enemy and situation dependant.
Ex: Dependance on a certain raw material

Front 41

Explain both focus of effort and main effort.

Back 41

The focus of effort is the paramount objective of a force, exploits a critical vulnerability, attacks the COG, and is the focus of all our assets.
The main effort (one at a time) is defined by the commander, supported directly and indirectly by all parts of the force, directed against focus of effort, does not limit the offensive to a single attack or series of attacks

Front 42

Describe commander’s intent.

Back 42

Conveys the “end state”
-Overarching
-Conveys his thinking through mission-type orders
-Allows subordinates can structure their decisions by asking such questions as “What would my commander want me to do in this situation?” or “What can I do to help my commander attain the objectives?”

Front 43

Explain tempo and what it accomplishes for military forces.

Back 43

the pace of action — the rate at which we drive events
-through rapid high-tempo actions, the enemy is presented with a series of unexpected situations and developments, each of which demands a response. Ideal situation: a no-win situation for the enemy.
-requires timely intelligence, accurate intelligence, decentralization, and clearly understood and well-rehearsed procedures at the lowest levels

Front 44

Describe the nine principles of war and apply them to an example.

Back 44

1-objective
2-mass
3-maneuver
4-offensive
5-Economy of Force
6-Unity of Command
7-Simplicity
8-Surprise
9-Security
Ex: After the Battle of Coral Sea, Admiral Nimitz learned that a Japanese force would attack Midway. Every available US carrier and escort was assigned to the operation. Nimitz had clear and simple objectives (hold Midway and inflict damage on enemy with attrition tactics). RADM Fletcher transferred the unity of command to RADM Spruance when Fletcher’s flagship was out of action. Knowledge of the Japanese plan allowed Nimitz to invoke economy of force by deploying minimal forces at a Japanese diversion while massing the most effective combat power at enemy’s main thrust. Nimitz used maneuver to frustrate Japanese subs and flying boats. US maintained security through radio silence and darken-ship procedures. Although outnumbered, Fletcher and Spruance maintained an aggressive offensive.

Front 45

Describe the strategic level of warfare.

Back 45

level of war at which a nation determines national or multinational strategic objectives and guidance and develops and uses national instruments of power to achieve these objectives
-President establishes policy
-Sec State and Sec Def determine natil objectives
-CCDR’s at the strategic level define the time, space, military strategic objectives, and conditions to the operational commander

Front 46

Describe the operational level of warfare.

Back 46

level of war at which campaigns and major operations are planned, conducted, and sustained to achieve strategic objectives within theaters or other operational areas (OAs).
-Links tactics and strategy by establishing operational objectives needed to achieve the strategic objectives
-Sequence events to achieve the operational objectives.
-Initiate actions and apply resources to bring about and sustain these events.

Front 47

Describe the primary categories within the Range of Military -Operations and provide examples of each.

Back 47

major operations and campaigns
-Crisis Response and Limited Contingency operations
-military Engagement, Security Cooperation, and deterrence

Front 48

National Security Act of 1947

Back 48

-designated Sec Natl Def exercise general authority, direction, and control
-est. US Air Force
-est. CIA and NSC
-est. JCS as permanent agency
-JCS became primary military agency to Pres and SEC DEF
-est. legal basis for unified and specified commands

Front 49

National Security Council

Back 49

Established by the Natl Security Act of 1947 as the principal forum to consider natl security issues that require Presidential decision
4 Statuatory Members:
1. Pres
2. VP
3. SEC STATE
4. SEC DEF
2 Advisors:
1. Chairman of the JCS
2. Director of CIA

Front 50

Back 50

Front 51

Back 51

Front 52

What are the levels of war?

Back 52

1. Strategic
2. Operational
3. Tactical

Front 53

What is sea control?

Back 53

The basis of national use of the sea.
It is a force's ability to control the subsurface, surface, and airspace of maritime areas.
Sea control is a prerequisite for all other naval ops.

Front 54

What does sea control provide?

Back 54

-protection of US sea lines of communication
-denial of enemy commercial and military use of the seas
-establishment of an area of operations for conducting strike warfare against land and in support of expeditionary operations
-protection of logistics lines to forward deployed battle forces

Front 55

What is a surface action group?

Back 55

2 or more ships that do another mission

Front 56

What is the job of CJCS?

Back 56

By law, CJCS is now the principal military adviser to the President.
As appropriate, the CJCS may seek the advice of and consult with the other JCS members and combatant commanders.
When CJCS presents advice, he presents the advice or opinions of other JCS members and, as he considers appropriate, the range of military advice and opinions he has received.
CJCS is the head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the senior ranking member of the Armed Forces.

Front 57

What are the warfighting tasks (7)?

Back 57

AW- air
USW- undersea
SUW- surface
STW- strike
AMW- amphib
MIW- mine
C2W -command and control

Front 58

What are the 7 keys to operational design?

Back 58

1. End State and Objectives
2. Effects
3. Center of Gravity
4. Decisive Points
5. Direct versus Indirect
6. Lines of Operations
7. Operational Reach

Front 59

What are the naval missions?

Back 59

Presence and Deterrence
• Homeland Defense
• Protection of U.S. Economic Interests
• Treaty Enforcement
• Foreign Policy Support
• Theater Military Engagement
• Peace Operations
Sea Control and Power Projection
• Insurgency and Counter Insurgencies
• Counter Terrorism
• Foreign Humanitarian Assistance
• Civil Support
Warfighting
• Regional War
• Global War