Natural Disasters Exam 2

Front 1

Albedo

Back 1

Reflectivity of a surface

Front 2

The greenhouse effect

Back 2

Excess heat is reradiated at long waves and absorbed by gases in atoms

Front 3

Dew point temperature

Back 3

When the highest humidity turns into rain/wind

Front 4

If you are in an airplane at the North Pole and point it toward Chicago and fly straight where will you land?

Back 4

Land west of Chicago (clockwise)

Front 5

The rapid rotation of the earth results in all large moving air masses in the Northern Hemisphere

Back 5

Right, left

Front 6

What are the greenhouse gases?

Back 6

Water vapor, CO2, methane, cfcs

Front 7

Water has the highest heat capacity of all solids and liquids, except liquid ammonia

Back 7

True

Front 8

A cooling air mass almost sinks and compresses, becoming denser and warmer as it sinks

Back 8

True

Front 9

The dew point temperature is the temperature at which air reaches 100 percent relative humidity

Back 9

True

Front 10

The suns energy heats all parts of the earth equally

Back 10

False

Front 11

Before life was present on earth, the atmosphere was full of CO2, and the average surface temperature of the earth would of 550 degrees

Back 11

False

Front 12

Because of its fluctuations in the abundance of CO2 is the most important of the gases

Back 12

True

Front 13

Derecho

Back 13

A line of thunderstorms that have winds comparable to hurricanes

Front 14

Fujita scale

Back 14

Quantifies the tornado on wind speed (tornado magnitude)

Front 15

What type of severe weather results in the highest annual death toll?

Back 15

Heat

Front 16

Severe weather causes what percent of deaths from natural disasters

Back 16

75

Front 17

Much of the mid latitude severe weather in the Northern Hemisphere occurs via cyclones. Which direction do they rotate and around what type of pressure zone?

Back 17

Counterclockwise, low pressure core

Front 18

How does the air within a thunderstorm compare to the surrounding air?

Back 18

Less dense

Front 19

Thunderstorms wreak havoc with other weather conditions

Back 19

All the above

Front 20

Which state has the most thunderstorms

Back 20

Florida

Front 21

Which phenomenon has the highest wind speeds

Back 21

Derecho

Front 22

What population do tornadoes preferentially kill

Back 22

Old people, mobile homes, occupants of exterior homes, those unaware of alerts

Front 23

Saffir Simpson scale

Back 23

Assessment of the strength of a hurricane

Front 24

What direction do hurricanes rotate around a central core in the northern hemisphere

Back 24

Counter clockwise

Front 25

Rank the following in order of increasing strength

Back 25

Tropical disturbance, tropical depression, tropical storm, hurricane

Front 26

As a hurricane forms, converging surface winds meet at the central core

Back 26

Warm, upward, moist

Front 27

Where are the strongest winds within a hurricane

Back 27

Eyeball

Front 28

Why does a large mound of seawater build up beneath the eye of a hurricane

Back 28

Low pressure zone pushing the water into chimney of eye

Front 29

Which month has the most hurricanes

Back 29

September

Front 30

What results in the most deaths in tropical cyclones

Back 30

Storm surge

Front 31

Fronts are not associated with hurricanes

Back 31

True

Front 32

Hurricanes are often form right on the equator, because the ocean water is warmest there

Back 32

False

Front 33

The number of people killed by hurricanes has increased

Back 33

False

Front 34

During the 20th century the average global surface temperature rose how many degrees

Back 34

.6 c

Front 35

Which greenhouse gas accounts for 60% of global warming

Back 35

Carbon dioxide

Front 36

Which greenhouse gas in the most efficient at trapping heat

Back 36

Cfcs

Front 37

What has caused the climactic cooling of the 55.5 million years

Back 37

Make up of Pangea, continents moving, snow ice increased albedo, uplifting of mountains

Front 38

What caused the cycles of of slow buildup and advance of glaciers followed by rapid shrinkage and retreat

Back 38

Earths tilt, precession, eccentricity

Front 39

What is characteristic of a strong El Niño

Back 39

All the above

Front 40

What is earths relative position to the sun during the winter in the northern hemisphere

Back 40

Closer to the sun

Front 41

When did the dust bowl happen

Back 41

1930

Front 42

Not only do warm and cold intervals come and go, but they do not necessarily correlate with wet and dry periods

Back 42

True

Front 43

Our knowledge of the global advance retreat history of glaciers has been leaping ahead

Back 43

True

Front 44

If CO2 were not present in the atmosphere, the average temperature at the earths surface would be about 0 f

Back 44

True

Front 45

Base level

Back 45

Level of which a stream cannot erode

Front 46

What is a factor that interact to make streams seek equilibrium

Back 46

All the above

Front 47

If a stream experiences more energetic water flow, how does the stream respond

Back 47

Increasing synocity, be meandering

Front 48

On a given stream, how does the occurrence of small floods compare to large floods

Back 48

More often

Front 49

Statistically, the 100 year flood has what percent chance of occurring any year

Back 49

1%

Front 50

What causes killer floods

Back 50

All the above

Front 51

Which is responsible for fifty percent of flash flood deaths

Back 51

Vehicle related

Front 52

What efforts are taken to control rivers

Back 52

All the above

Front 53

With respect to channelization, straightening the channel does what to the gradient of the stream bottom and water flow

Back 53

Increase velocity, increases gradient, increases slope

Front 54

Excesses in stream discharge or stream sediment load are managed by the stream changing dependent variables

Back 54

True

Front 55

The biggest floods known on earth are within the past two million years occurred during the meetings of continental sheets

Back 55

True

Front 56

The largest flood known in an area is likely to exceeded someday by a larger one

Back 56

True

Front 57

CHAPTER 14

Back 57

Start here

Front 58

Pyrolysis

Back 58

Thermal digration of wood

Front 59

How to sacrifice your house to the fire gods

Back 59

All the above

Front 60

Fire is the rapid combination of oxygen with carbon, hydrogen, and other elements of organic material in a reaction that produces flame, heat, light

Back 60

True

Front 61

Strong winds tend to blow fires out

Back 61

False

Front 62

What are external processes that increase the odds of a slope failure

Back 62

All the above

Front 63

Relative size of clay crystals

Back 63

Very small

Front 64

Many hill slope masses are weak due to which conditions

Back 64

all the above

Front 65

What triggers mass movements

Back 65

All the above

Front 66

Fastest mass movement

Back 66

Avalanche

Front 67

What forces must a landslide mass overcome before it moves downhill

Back 67

Friction and inertia

Front 68

Creep is an ultra slow upslope movement

Back 68

False

Front 69

Crown fires

Back 69

Fire that race through treetops

Front 70

Quicksand does not suck people and object down

Back 70

True

Front 71

Main types of mass movements are downward, falling or subsiding, sliding and flowing

Back 71

True

Front 72

Long shore drift

Back 72

Acts like an offshore river

Front 73

When waves reach shallow water, what controls their velocity

Back 73

Depth of water

Front 74

Newton’s law that force is proportional

Back 74

Force = mass X acceleration

Front 75

How does mass and distance affect gravitational attraction

Back 75

Mass is a larger number, distance is smaller

Front 76

How does sea wall construction affect severe coastal erosion

Back 76

Makes it worse

Front 77

How do waves react when the hit headlands

Back 77

Retract and focus energy

Front 78

When are tidal forces highest

Back 78

Twice a month

Front 79

What happens to sand as a wave approaches man made obstructions along the coast at an angle

Back 79

Depositing on near, eroding on right (wake)

Front 80

Ladder fuels

Back 80

Fire that climbs from smaller plants to larger ones

Front 81

Meteor

Back 81

Meteoroids through the earths atmosphere (shooting star)

Front 82

Comets

Back 82

Ice and rocky debris

Front 83

Asteroids

Back 83

Piece of a planet that broke off

Front 84

Solar wind

Back 84

Fly off the sun (particles)

Front 85

Why are stony meteorites less commonly collected

Back 85

All the above

Front 86

Why are there so many more impact craters on the moon than earth

Back 86

Earth has vegetation, weathering, and erosion

Front 87

Ven

Back 87

Between mars and Jupiter, inner outer planets

Front 88

All but what which effects of the cretaceous- tertiary boundary impact happen

Back 88

Significant ocean cooling

Front 89

Venus air temperature compared to earths

Back 89

Warmer

Front 90

The major types of meteorites are either iron or stone

Back 90

True

Front 91

Photosynthesis reactions in plants, what is given off as a reaction?

Back 91

Oxygen

Front 92

Four inner plants are small, close together, near sun

Back 92

True

Front 93

The outer planets lie at that distances from the sun

Back 93

True

Front 94

The solar energy stored by plants during their growth does what during a fire

Back 94

Returned to atmosphere

Front 95

Grasses have broad surfaces, how does fire react to this

Back 95

Fast spreading fires

Front 96

Where do most intense fires happen

Back 96

In the woods because shrubs have high oil content

Front 97

During burning, the chemical structure of solid wood breaks apart. What yields

Back 97

All the above

Front 98

The spread of fire depends on behavior within the fire itself and what other factors

Back 98

Topography, weather, wind speed, type of fuel

Front 99

How does the transfer of heat occur

Back 99

Radiation, convection, conduction, change of state