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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cohesion
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the attraction between small soil particles that is provided by the surface tension of water
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creep
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1) extremely slow downslope flow of sediment on the surface
2) slow, more or less continuous movement on a fault |
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critical angle of repose
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maximum angle at which sediment particles can stand without falling
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debris flow
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a slurry of rocks, sand and water flowing down a valley. water generally makes up less than half the flow's volume.
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evapotranspiration
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water returned to the atmosphere by a combination of evaporation of water from the soil and leaves, and transpiration of moisture from the leaves
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fall
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a slope failure that involves vertically downward motion under gravity of a block without internal deformation or rotation
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flow
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in mass movement studies, a downslope movement of material along a surface involving internal deformaton
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fluidization
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the process of changing a soil saturated with water to a fluid mass that flows downslope
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frost wedging
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splitting of rocks through pressure exerted when water freezes
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gelifluction
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downslope creep driven by sequential freezing and thawing
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geotextile fabric
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strong permeable cloth that permits water to pass but not soil and rock particles
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grain flow
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style of mass movement involving particle contact, usually developed in gravel or sand
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landslide
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rapid downslope movement of material under gravity
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mudflow
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a flow of mud, rocks and water dominated by clay or mud-sized particles
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normal stress
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the component of stress perpendicular (normal) to one of Earth's planar surfaces
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perforated pipes
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pipes full of holes that are pushed into a water-saturated landslide. water seeps through the holes into the pipes and then down through the gently sloping pipes to the surface.
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permeability
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the ease with which water can move through soils or rocks.
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quick clay
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water saturated mud deposited in salty water tends to consist of randomly oriented flakes of clay with large open spaces between the flakes. if the salt is flushed out, the flakes are unstable and may easily collapse and flow almost like water.
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rock avalanche
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also known as "sturzstrom"
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rock bolts
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long bolts drilled into and expended in an unstable rock mass to help keep it from sliding
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rockfalls
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a rock mass that falls from a steep slope
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rotational slide
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the mass rotates as it slides on a basal slip surface (also called a slump)
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sackung
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a natural spreading fracture across a steep slope, caused by gravitationally driven downslope movement
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shear stress
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stress resulting from application of force parallel to a surface
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shotcrete
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a fluid cement-type material that is sprayed no a slope to prevent water penetration
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slope failure
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mass movements under the influence of gravity
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slump
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rotational landslide
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surface tension
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tension in a surface layer of water that causes it to behave as an elastic sheet
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topple
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slope failure that involves vertically downward motion under gravity of a block without internal deformation, but with rotation
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translational slide
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a landslide that moves approx. parallel to the slope of the ground
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