Natural Disasters

Front 1

What time period is considered when evaluating whether world-wide climate is changing?

Back 1

30 years

Front 2

A glacier or ice cap that is advancing can also be melting.

Back 2

True

Front 3

What gas is considered permanent in the Earth's atmosphere?

Back 3

Argon

Front 4

Climate Change is a "man made" problem.

Back 4

False

Front 5

A hurricane's energy source is:

Back 5

Warm Ocean Water

Front 6

What is a front?

Back 6

The boundary between two air masses with different densities and temperatures.

Front 7

Cyclones rotate clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.

Back 7

False

Front 8

Clouds are restricted to the stratosphere.

Back 8

False

Front 9

How is heat transferred?

Back 9

- Conduction

- Convection

- Radiation

Front 10

What is conduction?

Back 10

The transfer of heat through a substance by molecular interaction.

Front 11

What is Convection?

Back 11

The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid.

Front 12

What is radiation?

Back 12

Wave-like energy emitted by a substance that possess heat.

Front 13

Thunderstorms generally last an hour.

Back 13

True

Front 14

Tropical Cyclones are associated with fronts.

Back 14

False

Front 15

Extra-tropical Cyclones are associated with fronts.

Back 15

True

Front 16

In high humidity, the perspiration of the human body loses it's effect on cooling the body.

Back 16

True

Front 17

What is lightning?

Back 17

Flashes of light produced by the discharge of millions of volts of electricity. The discharges heat up the air.

Front 18

Lightning heats the air to temperatures five times hotter than the surface of the sun.

Back 18

True

Front 19

Cloud to Ground lightning is very common.

Back 19

False

Front 20

Most lightning comes from cumulonimbus clouds.

Back 20

True

Front 21

What is a step leader?

Back 21

A column of electrically charged air.

Front 22

What are the two types of floods?

Back 22

-Upstream

-Downstream

Front 23

What type of flood is more deadly?

Back 23

Upstream

Front 24

The size of the drainage basin influences the size of the flood.

Back 24

True

Front 25

What are pools?

Back 25

The deep water in a stream that helps maintain cooler temperatures in warm weather and warmer temperatures in cool weather.

Front 26

What is a floodplain?

Back 26

The area around a river that is covered in times of flood.

Front 27

What can the construction of a dam upriver cause downstream?

Back 27

Eroison

Front 28

How can stream channelization be achieved?

Back 28

-Straightening

-Widening

- Deepening

Front 29

How do most people die in avalanches?

Back 29

Asphyxia

Front 30

Most avalanches have natural triggers.

Back 30

True

Front 31

What are slab avalanches?

Back 31

When large amounts of compacted and often wet snow fails along weak layers of the slope. The top of the snow pack moves faster than the bottom.

Has both a crown fracture and a flank side.

Front 32

What are point-release avalanches?

Back 32

The initial failure of a small amount of snow, collecting more snow as it moves down slope.

It creates an inverted v shape.

Front 33

What is Hoar?

Back 33

Ice crystals that develop within the snow packs of a slope and have lower strength creating avalanches.

Front 34

The occurrence of avalanches is influenced by points on the compass.

Back 34

True

Snow is rare between 35 degrees N and 40 degrees S.

Front 35

On what slopes are snow avalanches rare?

Back 35

Slopes greater than 45 degrees.

Front 36

What are the two shapes of slopes?

Back 36

- Concave

- Convex

Front 37

On what shape of slope are avalanches more often to occur?

Back 37

Convex Slopes

Front 38

What is a sluff?

Back 38

A small harmless snow slide (avalanche).

Front 39

Is vegetation good for the strength of a slope?

Back 39

Yes, vegetation roots can act to bind loose soil which reduces the likelihood of slope failure. It also can help water soak into the ground slowly without surface erosion and thus help stabilize it.

AND

No, it adds to the weight of a slope.

Front 40

Water is a factor in nearly every kind of mass wasting (landslide).

Back 40

True

Front 41

What is a Sakung (Deep-Seated Creep)?

Back 41

The slow movement of huge volumes of bedrock on steep slopes.

Front 42

What is mantle creep?

Back 42

The slow movement of shallow soil on top of bedrock.

Front 43

What are the types of movement of Mass Wasting?

Back 43

- Fall

- Slide

- Flow

- Complex

Front 44

Fall movement is:

Back 44

The rapid descent of material through air, on a steep slope, often caused by the freeze and thaw effect.

Very common on coastal settings.

Front 45

Slide movement is:

Back 45

Material that slips over one or more surfaces, is often slow and common in wet and tectonically active regions.

Can result in a flow.

Front 46

Slump movement is:

Back 46

Block movement on an upward curving surface that results in a backward tilt.

Front 47

Flow movement is:

Back 47

Loose, broken material that behaves like fluid and can travel significant distances.

Commonly starts as another failure.

Front 48

What are the two types of flow movements?

Back 48

- Debris Flow: mixture of mud, debris and water

- Mud Flow: less debris, more mud and water

Front 49

What is factor of safety of a slope ratio?

Back 49

Shear Strength over Shear Stress

Front 50

What is the most widespread and dangerous type of movement?

Back 50

Flow movement