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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many geographic regions in the U.S. do the Indians make up?
How many tribes are there? How many distinct Indian languages are there? |
10 geographic regions
over 200 tribes at least 100 distinct languages |
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Indian Music and Spirituality
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It is spiritual and a source of power. Songs are given to them by a deity. Songs imbue people with power.
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Indian Instruments and natural vs. supernatural
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Instruments are gifts from the creator and represent the natural and supernatural world. The idea for the instruments come from the Gods (supernatural) but are constructed by humans (natural).
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How is the success of Indian music measured?
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By how well it meets its function
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What are drums referred to and why?
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They are sacred and are referred to as "heartbeat"
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How are songs learned?
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Songs are learned in dreams and vision (from rituals that put the Indians into a state to communicate with the divine.
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How are songs sometimes viewed as?
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They are sometimes viewed as personal property. People do not want a whole bunch of people to know a song and drain the power of the song.
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Musical characteristics of Indian music.
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Idiophones most common instruments (drums and rattles)
Vocal centered Descending melodies Repetition Use of vocables Monophonic Strophic forms (many verses) |
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Characteristics of Plains Indians
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Live in tepees
High pitch singing Rhythmic pulsations on sustained notes Tense, harsh (vocal) Short form/phrases Vocally nasal |
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Characteristics of Northeast Indians
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wooden houses: long/rectangular
Use of leader in singing More relaxed vocal sound Call and response Least nasally |
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Characteristics of Southwest Indians
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homes made of earth and some wood-rounded
large vocal range long, complex forms low register is harsh and uses pulsations. Top is more gentle. 2nd most nasal |
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Vocables
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nonsense syllabus BUT each vocable carries meaning
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Which is the largest tribe in the United States?
How many people constitute the tribe? |
The Navajo
almost 300,000 people |
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What areas does the Navajo reservation cover?
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It covers the Southwest, particularly New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, and Utah
It is the land between 4 sacred mountains. |
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What is a reservation in simple terms?
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A sovereign territory
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Navajo. What are hogans?
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circular homes
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How do the Navajo make a living?
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They farm, weave (rugs), and do silversmithing (jewelry making)
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What do Navajo people wear?
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Western wear
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What style of hair do the Navajo traditionally have?
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Long hair
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What number is important to the Navajo?
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4
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4 Characteristics of Navajo Music
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closely integrated into way of life
vocalized yells and shouts and falsetto humor and sarcasm in music choreographed |
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3 main influences on Navajo music
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Country western
Christianity Native American Church |
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How many Ceremonials used to exist?
How many are still used? How many are frequently performed? What are the names? |
24 used to exist
11 withstood test of time 7 are frequently performed. They are named Shootingway, Flintway, Mountainway, Nightway/Blessingway, Navajo Windway, Chiricahua Windway, Enemyway |
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Characteristics of the Native American Church
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popular in Oklahoma
ceremonies take place in tepees all religions are welcome Father Peyote is the deity ceremonies are at night and last all night |
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Native American music influences in the Native American church
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percussion (water drum, peyote rattle)
vocables descending melody |
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Christian music influences in the Native American church
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based on Christian hymnody
quiet, introspective unadorned vocal line: simple, no harmony Amen= he ne yo |
