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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
where does energy come from to feed a disaster?
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visitors from outter space, gravity, internal energy, and the sun.
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Where does internal energy come from?
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impact energy, gravitational energy, and decay of radioactive elementers.
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The process of planet formation created tremendous quantities of heat. Where did the heat come from?
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Impact energy, Gravitational energy, and Decay of radioactive elements.
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Where does energy from the Sun go?
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It is reflected back, absorbed as heat (in the air, sea, and land), and expanded to evaporate water in the hydorlogical cycle.
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What are different amounts of radiation called?
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insolation
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What are the properties of water?
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present in 3 states, high heat capacity, gains and loses heat, water is polar, universal solvent, high surface tension, expands when freezes.
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How is the rock cycle involved
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energy flows moving material throughout the planet.
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What are the layers of the earth (outside to inside)
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crust, mantle, outter core, and the inner core.
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What is pangea?
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Super continent that broke apart leaving land masses such as continents, islands, etc.
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What are hot spots?
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Small areas of high heat below places creating areas of high volcanic activity.
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Where are most earthquakes located?
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at subduction zones of convergent boundaries.
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List three spreading center locations
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Mid- Ocean ridge in Iceland, The Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aden.
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What is a triple junction?
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three boundaries pulling aprt. seas are getting bigger.
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What are convergent boundaries?
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two plates coming together.
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what are the three types of convergent boundaries?
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oceanic-oceanic
oceanic-continental continental-continental |
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What are divergent boundaries?
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tow boundaries pulling apart from each other.how new seas and rift valleys are created.
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What are transform faults?
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two plates sliding past each other.
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what are examples of continental-continental collisions?
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India moving northward into the Eurasian plate.
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What are examples of transform faults?
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Alpine faults of New Zealand, San Andreas Fault in California, and in the North Anatolian fault in Turkey (caused by the Arabian fault).
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How are earthquakes produced?
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when the earth shakes in response to sudden earth movement. mostly caused by sudden movements along faults.
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What is an epicenter?
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location on the surface directly above the focus.
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What is a hypocenter?
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another name for focus, place where earthquake originates.
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What is the focus of an earthquake?
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the place within Earth where earthquake waves originate.
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What are the 3 different types of faults?
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dip slip, strike slip, and transform.
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what are dip-slip faults?
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faults that are dominated by vertical movement, caused by a pulling or pushing force.
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where are the hangingwall and footwall located?
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the footwall is the floor beneath the miner's feet and the rocks above there heads are wherethe hanging wall is located
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what is a normal fault?
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when hangingwall moves down relative to footwall.the zone of omission documents extensional forces.
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What are reverse faults?
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when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall. the zone of repetition douments compressional forces.
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What are strike-slip faults?
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when movement is horizontal parallel to the strike. when straddling the fault the right side moves toward you.
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What is siesmology?
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the study of earthquakes.
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How do we measure earthquakes?
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using a seismograph that measures p-waves and s-waves.
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What are body waves?
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primary or secondary waves
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What are P waves?
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the fastest waves that are reported first. they travel through any medium and are push-pull waves.
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What are S Waves?
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they reach the station second. they travel through solids, are reflected back off of rock or converted into another energy form.
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What are surface waves?
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waves that travel near the surface.
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What are the 2 kinds of L waves and what damage do they produce?
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Love (goes thoruhg rock like a slinki on the table waves) and Rayleigh (waves are backward rotating) waves.
Love , |
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How do you locate an Earthquake?
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3 sieismographs,each send their time interval between arrival of their first p and s waves. a travel-time graphy determines the distance of each to the epicenter.
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Where do earthquakes occur in the subducting plate and how intense are they?
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depths of 5- 700 km. the more shallow the earthquake the more intense for us.
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What are different scales to measure earthquakes?
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Mercalli: how it feels, damage done.
Rucgter: based on comparison to largest recorded log 10 scale. Moment Magnitude:relies on amount of movement along fault |
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what are tsunamis?
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casued by submarine landslides, about 400mph, unnoticed at sea but damaging on shore.
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what does tsunami damage depend on?
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direction of travel, harbor shape and bottom, and tide & weather (together).
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where are the largest earthquakes found?
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Alaska and Chile
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Which plates are subducting to form earthquakes on the west coast of N.A.
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the farallon plate and the north american plate, the pacific plate, the Juan de Fuca plate, the Riviera and Cocoa plate.
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Why so much damage in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake?
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improperly designed buildings, 5,700 buildings damaged and that killed people.
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