Nasm- Chapter 3 Biomechanics

Front 1

Sagital Plane

Back 1

Bisects body in half right and left halves. Sagital movements move forward and backwards.

movement happens around medial-lateral axis.

Joint movements are flexion and extension

Flexion: bend

Extension: extend out.

Examples: cycling, squatting

Front 2

Frontal Plane 1 of 2

Back 2

Divides body into front/rear halves. Movements occur in side to side motions.

Rotation happens around anterior and posterior axis. (abduction, adduction, lateral flexion, eversion, inversion)

Example: jumping jacks, side lunges. Lateral arm raise, side step, side shuffle

Front 3

Transverse Plane (1 of 2)

Back 3

Bisects body into top and bottom halves. Movements occur parallel to plane and rotational motions.

movement happens around longitudinal axis.

(Internal rotation, external rotation, pronation, supination, horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction)

Example: Ballet Pirouette, cable rotation, or any rotation and extension movement combo.

Front 4

Frontal Plane (2 of 2)

Back 4

Frontal Joint Movements:

Abduction: body segment moving away from midline

Adduction: body segment moving toward midline

Lateral Flexion: Bending of spine from side to side (Right and Left)

Foot- Eversion: Bottom of foot rotates outward creating arc

Foot-Inversion: Bottom of foot rotates inward.

Front 5

Transverse (2 id 2)

Back 5

Internal rotation: mediaal rotation/inward rotation of limb

External rotation: lateral rotation/outward

Forearm- Pronation- forearm rotates inward

Forearm- Supination- Forearm rotates outward

Horizontal Abduction: Movement away from midline, begins with flexion at shoulder or hip towards anterior position

Horizontal Adduction- Movement from lateral to anterior position with shoulders or hip joint in anteriorly fixed position

Front 6

Kinesiology

Back 6

Study of movement of human body

Front 7

Biomechanics

Back 7

Evaluation of how physics (outside force) affects body and movement.

analysis after applying principles of proper technique combined with observation

Front 8

Anterior

Back 8

towards the body

Front 9

posterior

Back 9

backside of body

Front 10

superior

Back 10

Above landmark, closest to head

Front 11

inferior

Back 11

towards bottom of body

Front 12

proximal

Back 12

towards center of body or landmark

Front 13

distal

Back 13

furthest from center or landmark

Front 14

medial

Back 14

closest to midline

midline- contained within imaginary line that splits body into equal halves

Front 15

Lateral

Back 15

away from midline of body

Front 16

midline

Back 16

midline- contained within imaginary line that splits body into equal halves

Front 17

contralateral

Back 17

Opposite side of the body

Front 18

Ipsilateral

Back 18

same side of body

Front 19

3 planes of motion

Back 19

sagital, frontal, transverse

Front 20

3 axis of reference (in relationship to 3 planes of motion)

Back 20

medial lateral, anterior-posterior, longitudinal

Front 21

Sagital Plane, Flexion and Extension - Body parts

Back 21

Flexion occurs in anterior direction of body in Ankle, hip, knee, trunk, upper extremities, neck.

Flexion

Front 22

Multiplanar

Back 22

Occuring in more than 1 plane of motion

Front 23

How does Flexibility training affect our various systems in the body?

Back 23

Flexibility training affects the neuromuscular system by improving the communication betweenthe nervous system and the muscular system

Front 24

Corrective exercise

Back 24

Corrective exerciseThe programming process that identifiesneuromuscular dysfunction, developsa plan of action, and implements acorrective strategy as a part of anexercise training program.

Front 25

Neuromuscular efficiency

Back 25

Neuromuscular efficiencyWhen the neuromuscular system allowsagonists, antagonists, and stabilizers tosynergistically produce muscle actionsin all three planes of motion.

Front 26

Relative flexibility

Back 26

Relative flexibilityThe human movement system’s wayof finding the path of least resistanceduring movement.