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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Frontal Plane

Side to side motions. Any movement sideways plane (wall in front and back of you)



EXAMPLE: side lunge, lateral dumbbell raise, ice skater, side shuffle

Sagittal Plane

Front to back motions. Any movement front/back (wall to left and right of you)



EXAMPLE: forward/backward lunge, rows, bench press, walking, running, squat

Transverse Plane

Rotational/Diagonal movements.



EXAMPLE: wood choppers, medicine ball rotation press, golfing

Biomechanics

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces

Superior

Positioned above a point of reference

Inferior

Positioned below a point of reference

Proximal

Positioned closest to the center of the body, or point of reference.



EXAMPLE: Knee is proximal to the hip, rather than the ankle

Distal

Positioned furthest from center of body, or point of reference



EXAMPLE: Ankle is more distal to the hip than to the knee

Anterior


OR Ventral

Front of body



EXAMPLE: Quads are anterior on the thigh

Posterior


OR Dorsal

Back of body



EXAMPLE: Hamstrings are posterior

Medial

Positioned near the middle of the body



EXAMPLE: Adductors are medial part of the thigh, side closest to the middle of the body. Sternum is more medial than the shoulder

Lateral

Positioned on the outside of the body



EXAMPLE: Ears are on the lateral side of the head

Contralateral

Positioned on opposite sides of the body



EXAMPLE: Right foot is contralateral to left foot

Ipsilateral

Positioned on the same side of the body



EXAMPLE: Right foot is ipsilateral to right hand

Anatomic Position

Position with body erect, arms at side, palms forward

Saggital Plane

Bisects the body into left and right planes. Flexion and extension

Flexion

Bending movement in which the angle between limbs decreases

Extension

A straightening movement in which angle increases

Hyperextension

Extension of joint past normal limit or range of motion

Abduction

Movement in frontal plane away from midline of body



EXAMPLE: side lat raises. Similar to extension, increase in angles

Adduction

Movement in frontal plane, back towards midline of body

Internal Rotation

Rotation of joint towards middle of body

External Rotation

Rotation of joint away from middle of body

Horizontal abduction

Movement from a front to side position (arm or leg)

Horizontal adduction

Movement from side to front (arm or leg)

Scapular retraction

Adduction of shoulder blades. Blades move closer to midline

Scapular protraction

Abduction of shoulder blades. Blades move away from midline.

Scapular depression

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula

Scapular elevation

Upward (superior) motion of scapula

Isotonic

Force is produce, muscle tension developed, movement occurs.



Eccentric - muscle develops tension while lengthening. Lowering weights, negatives



Concentric - shortening of the muscle. Curling weight

Isometric

Muscle is exerting force equal to force being placed on it (ie: holding at the top of a bicep curl)

Isokinetic

Muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion. Machine facilitated

Muscular Force

Influence of one object on another. Characterized by magnitude (how much) and direction (which way)

Length-Tension Relationship

Resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

Force couple

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint.

First class levers

Like a seesaw. Have a fulcrum in the middle. Nodding the head is a first class lever.

Second class lever

Resistance in the middle. Like a wheelbarrow. Calf raise. The input force from calves, output force is raising your body.

Third class lever

Effort placed between resistance and fulcrum. Like bicep curl. Bicep = input force, raised hand = output force

Rotary Motion

Movement of bones around joints

Torque

Force that produces rotation

Motor behavior

Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli.

Motor control

How the central nervous system integrates external and internal sensory information with pervious experiences to produce a motor response.

Motor learning

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to permanent change

Motor development

Change in motor skill behavior over time

Internal feedback

Sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment

External feedback

Information provided by an external source - ie: personal trainer, tape measure, mirror, HR monitor.