N.a.s.a. Italian Wine Specialist Certification (Non Official Study Guide)

Front 1

Who first cultivated grapes to make wines in the lands that would become Italy?

Back 1

Etruscans, Celtic Tribes (Gauls), and Greek settlers before the Romans started to in 2nd Century B.C.

Front 2

How many grape varieties are there in Italy?

Back 2

350 authorized with at least 500 more that are known, (some suggest over 2,000)

Front 3

Name 3 factors that help explain why Italy has so many distinctive wines.

Back 3

(any 3 below)

•Proliferation of many grape types
•Pronounced regional differences with only recent attempts at unification (1861)
•Different Soil Types
•Different Solar hours per year
•Different Winds, etc

Front 4

1)Who developed oak for wine storage and discovered it's effects on the wine?

2)Clay amphora bottling?

Back 4

1)Celtic populations in Northern Italy

2)The Romans

Front 5

In what current country are the oldest continuously used vineyards in the world?

BONUS: What subregion?

Back 5

Italy


Valtellina in Lombardia.

Front 6

Name the (typically) largest wine producing country in the world. The largest exporter to the US?

Back 6

Italy. Italy. Revolution in 1970 changed Italy from a mass producer -> a larger producer of quality

Front 7

What is VDT in the Italian Appellation System?

Back 7

Vino da Tavola - Table Wine that is made in Italy but has no vintage, appellation, or varietal information.

Front 8

What is IGT in the Italian Appellation System? When and why was it created?

Back 8

Indicazione Geographica Tipica - Table wine that is Typical of an Indicated Geographical zone but without regulations on varietals, viniculture, viticulture - just GEOGRAPHICAL constraints.
It was created in 1992 to give more indication of quality on wines where winemakers had increased levels of experimentation (like "Super Tuscans")

Front 9

What is DOC in the Italian Appellation System? When and why was it created?

Back 9

Denominazione di Origine Controllata - a QWPSR (Quality Wine Produced in a Specific Region) wine that has specific regulations controlling most aspects of the wine making.
Along with DOCG it was created in 1963 to emulate the French AOC system to recognize quality and typical wines.

Front 10

What is DOCG in the Italian Appellation System? When and why was it created?

Back 10

Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita - a QWPSR (Quality Wine Produced in a Specific Region) wine that has specific regulations controlling almost all aspects of the wine making. The government further taste tests the wine to make sure it adheres to a standard for that DOCG.
Along with DOCG it was created in 1963 to emulate the French AOC system to recognize quality and typical wines.

Front 11

What does "Classico" refer to?

Back 11

For DOC and DOCG wines: wine produced in oldest and most renowned area in an appellation.

Front 12

What does "Superiore" (Superior) refer to?

Back 12

For DOC and DOCG wines: mainly referring to having a percentage of alcohol by volume higher than normally required for the appellation.

N.B. some DOCG wines ONLY refer to the Superiore classification of an appellation

Front 13

What does "Riserva" (Riserve) refer to?

Back 13

For DOC and DOCG wines: a wine that underwent a longer aging process than normally required for the appellation. While there is no standard across different appellations, it is typically an extra year with notable exceptions (Barolo, Brunello di Montalcino, Aglianico del Vulture Superiore)

Front 14

What does "Novello" refer to?

Back 14

For DOC and DOCG wines: wine produced with carbonic maceration and can be released to market 2 months after harvest (think Beaujolais Nouveau)

Front 15

What does "Liquoroso" refer to?

Back 15

Fortified wines (added ethyl alcohol)

Front 16

What does "Spumante" refer to?

Back 16

Fully sparkling wine (over 3 bars)

Front 17

What does "Frizzante" refer to?

Back 17

Fizzy wines (1-2.5 bars)

Front 18

What does "Passito" refer to?

Back 18

Sweet wines that are made from grapes that are dried out before pressing ("appassimento")

Front 19

Name 2 examples of DRY DOCG wines that are made with the appassimento method.

Back 19

Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG
Sforzato della Valtellina DOCG
Malanotte del Piave DOCG
others?

Front 20

Name 5 examples of DOCG Passito wines

If the DOCG allows for a Passito option as opposed to only being Passito, put Passito in parenthesis.

Back 20

Moscato di Scanzo DOCG
Colli di Conegliano Refrontolo Rosso Passito DOCG
Colli di Conegliano Torchiato di Fregona DOCG
Recioto di Gambellara Classico DOCG
Recioto di Soave Classico DOCG
Recioto della Valpolicella Classico Valpantena DOCG
Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit + Cialla DOCG
Ramandolo
Elba Aleatico Passito
Albana di Romagna (Passito) DOCG
Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva (Passito) DOCG
Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva (Passito) DOCG
Montefalco Sagrantino (Passito) DOCG
Cannellino di Frascati DOCG
Vermentino di Gallura (Passito) DOCG

Front 21

What does "Vendemmia Tardiva" refer to?

Back 21

Late harvest wines that are almost always sweet wines (some exceptions in Islands and South, like some Vermentino in Sardegna)

Front 22

Name the different levels of sweetness and their meaning.

Back 22

Abboccato: semi dry
Amabile: semi sweet
Dolce: sweet

Front 23

EU/OCM wine rules

1)What are the 2 categories of wines/foods?
2)Is there use mandated in lieu of DOC system

Back 23

1)Wines with Origin (PDO, DOP, PGI, IGP) and Wines without Origin (Varietal wines, Generic table wines)

2)No. Either can be used.

Front 24

BONUS: Name some ways that PDO/DOP wines differ from PGI/IGP wines under EU system

Back 24

Exclusively determined by geographical Environment. Both require production to be within that area.
•100% of grapes must come from area (vs. 85%)
•100% Vitis Vinifera (vs. Vitis Vinifera plus possibly other Vitis genus, like Vitis Lambrusca)

Front 25

Back 25

Valle d'Aosta

Front 26

Back 26

Piemonte

Front 27

Back 27

Lombardia

Front 28

Back 28

Trentino Alto Adige

Front 29

Back 29

Veneto

Front 30

Back 30

Friuli Venezia Giulia

Front 31

Back 31

Liguria

Front 32

Back 32

Emilia - Romagna

Front 33

Back 33

Toscana

Front 34

Back 34

Lazio

Front 35

Back 35

Marche

Front 36

Back 36

Umbria

Front 37

Back 37

Abruzzo

Front 38

Back 38

Molise

Front 39

Back 39

Campania

Front 40

Back 40

Puglia

Front 41

Back 41

Basilicata

Front 42

Back 42

Calabria

Front 43

Back 43

Sicilia

Front 44

Back 44

Sardegna

Front 45

Which two regions do not have any IGT wines?

Back 45

Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta

Front 46

Marsala

Back 46

Marsala XXXXX

Front 47

Name the main grapes in Central Italy.

Back 47

Sangiovese. Trebbiano.

Front 48

Name the 16 DOCG of Piemonte

Back 48

Alta Langa DOCG
Asti & Moscato d'Asti DOCG
Barbaresco DOCG
Barolo DOCG
Barbera d'Asti DOCG
Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG
Nizza DOCG
Brachetto d'Acqui DOCG
Dolcetto di Diano DOCG
Dolcetto di Dogliani Superiore or Dogliani DOCG
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore or Ovada DOCG
Gavi or Gavi del Comune di Gavi DOCG
Erbaluce di Caluso or Caluso DOCG
Roero DOCG
Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG

Front 49

Give the specs for Alta Langa DOCG

Back 49

Piemonte (Langhe)
Pino Nero and/or Chardonnay 90-100% + non aromatic grapes 10%
ABV 11.5%
Months 30, 36(R), 30 (S)
Spumante (White, Rosé, Riserva)

Front 50

Give the specs for Asti & Moscato d'Asti DOCG

Back 50

Piemonte (Astigiano)
Moscato Bianco 100%
ABV 12% (Asti) / 11% (Moscato d'Asti)
no aging
Spumante & Frizzante

Front 51

Give the specs for Barbaresco DOCG

Back 51

Nebbiolo 100% (Lampia & Michet)
ABV 12.5%
Months 26, 50 (R)
Regular / Riserva

Front 52

Give some deeper details on Barbaresco DOCG

Back 52

Queen of Italian Wines.
DOCG in 1980.
3 subzones: Barbaresco, Nieve, Treiso (+San Rocco Senodelvio)
1/3 size of Barolo - 1400+ acres
Tortonian (sandier) soils near Tanaro river, 200-400 meter above sea level on steep hills.
Climate is a bit warmer, drier, milder than Barolo.
More elegant and perfumed, less tannic than Barolo.

Ovello is largest Cru

More typically in Albeisa bottles

Front 53

Give the specs for Barolo DOCG

Back 53

Nebbiolo 100%
ABV 13%
Months: 38 (18 in Oak), 62 (R, 18 in Oak)
Regular, Riserva, Barolo Chinato
Cru's as opposed to Sottozone (first time Italy has approached ranking vineyards)

Front 54

Give some deeper details on Barolo DOCG

Back 54

Kingd of Italian Wines.
DOCG in 1980.
11 villages in 2 different soil types due to migration of Tanaro river, effectively bisecting Barolo region in Helvetian and Tortonian soils
4400 acres
200-400 meter above sea level on steep hills.
Top of the hill: Bricco
Best Southern exposure: Sorí

Front 55

What is Barolo Chinato DOCG?

Back 55

Within the Barolo DOCG

Fortified Barolo with quinine (+ the addition of 20ish herbs and spices) that effectively undergoes both an Amaro and Vermouth technique
Paired with chocolate

Front 56

Name the 5 most important villages for Barolo (bonus for naming the other 3 + 3 parts of villages)

Back 56

La Morra (-structure, -alcohol, +fruit, +elegance)
Barolo (+balance, +smooth, +earthiness)
Monforte d'Alba (+aromatic, -agressive)
Serralunga (++body, +tannins, +time to mature)
Castiglione Falletto (+elegant, +fragrant, +crispness)

Grinzane Cavour
Verduno (+mineral)
Novello

Cherasco
Diano d'Alba
Roddi

Front 57

Name and describe the two main soil types of Barolo

Back 57

Tortonion (T) and Helvetian (H) split by ancient river path of the Tanaro river.
Tortonion is more fertile with sand, limestone, manganese vs. clay, chalky, sandstone and produces more aromatic, soft, and balanced wines that mature more quickly.

Front 58

Name the main grapes in Southern Italy.

Back 58

Aglianico.

Front 59

Give the specs for Barbera d'Asti DOCG

Back 59

Piemonte (Astigiano)
Barbera min. 90%
ABV 12%, 12.5% (S)
Months: 4, 14 with at least 6 in wood (S)
Subzones for Superiore (Nizza [no longer], Tinella, Colli Astiani
Regular Red, Superiore

Front 60

Give the specs for Nizza DOCG

Back 60

Piemonte (Astigiano)
Barbera 100 %
ABV 13%
14, 30(S)
Latest addition to DOCG - used to be sub zone of Barbera d'Asti
Regular Red, Riserva

Front 61

Give the specs for Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG

Back 61

Piemonte (Astigiano - NOT Monferrato)
Barbera min 85% + Freisa, Grignolino, Dolcetto 15%
ABV 12.5% (S)
Months: 14 (S)
Regular Red

Front 62

Give the specs for Brachetto d'Acqui DOCG

Back 62

Piemonte (Astigiano)
Brachetto min. 97%
ABV 11.5%, 12% (S)
Months: 12
Frizzante, Spumante, Rosé

Front 63

Give the specs for Dolcetto di Dogliani Superiore OR Dogliani DOCG

Back 63

Piemonte (Langhe)
Dolcetto 100%
ABV 13% (S)
Months: 12 (S)
Superiore

Front 64

Give the specs for Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba DOCG

Back 64

Piemonte (Langhe)
Dolcetto 100%
ABV 11.5%, 12.5% (S)
Months: 10
Regular Red, Superiore

Front 65

Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore OR Ovada DOCG

Back 65

Piemonte (Monferrato/Langhe)
Dolcetto 100%
ABV 12.5% (S)
Months: 24 (R), 12 (S)
Superiore, Riserva

Front 66

Give the specs for Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG

Back 66

Piemonte (Alto Piemonte)
Erbaluce 100%
ABV 11%, 17% (Passito)
Regular White or Passito

Front 67

Give the specs for Gattinara DOCG

Back 67

Piemonte (Alto Piemonte)
Nebbiolo (Spanna) 90% + Vespolina - Bonarda 10%
ABV 12.5%, 13% (R)
Months: 36, 48 (R)
Regular Red or Riserva

Front 68

Give the specs for Ghemme DOCG

Back 68

Piemonte (Alto Piemonte)
Nebbiolo (Spanna) + Vespolina - Uva Rara (Bonarda) 10%
ABV 12%, 12.5% (R)
Months: 34, 46 (R)
Regular Red or Riserva
[Colline Novaresi is fallback appellation]

Front 69

Name 3 differences between Gattinara and Ghemme

Back 69

Under the very high Monte Rosa in morainic soils (iron + carbonate, calcium, magnesium) in possibly the original spot for Nebbiolo (here called Spanna)

100 hectares vs. 85 hectares
Split by the river Sesia
90% Spanna (w/ Bonarda & Vespolina) vs. 85% Spanna (w/ Vespolina & Bonarda)
ABV 12.5% (13 R) vs. 12%
Aging: 36 months (12 in oak), 48 months (18) R vs. 34 months (18 in oak), 48 months (24) R
More sun + higher hills = bigger, riper, fruitier, +clay, -wind, +compact soils, broader
Ghemme has a harsher terroir and allows several measures to mitigate, including adding back 15% of previous vintages.
Ghemme has crus, Gattinara does not.

Front 70

Give the specs for Gavi or Gavi del Comune di Gavi DOCG

Back 70

Pimonte (Monferrato)
Cortese 100%
ABV 10.5%
Months: 12 (R)
Regular White, Spumante, Frizzante, Gavi del Comune di Gavi (practically a "Classico version)
[close to Livorno = similar sapidity and salinity]

Front 71

Give the specs for Roero DOCG

Back 71

Piemonte (Langhe)
If white
Arneis 95%
ABV 11%, 11.5% (S)
Regular White, Spumante

If red
Nebbiolo 95%
ABV 12.5%
Months: 20, 32 (R)
Regular Red

[+mineral]

Front 72

Give the specs for Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG

Back 72

Piemonte (Astigiano, NOT Monferrato)
Ruché min. 90% + Barbera & Brachetto max 10%
ABV 11.5%
Regular Red

Front 73

Give the specs for Franciacorta (regular) DOCG

Back 73

Lombardia
Chardonnay and/or Pinot Bianco and/or Pinot Noir
ABV 11.5%
Months: 18 on the lees in bottle (+7), 60 (R), 30 (Millesimato, +7)
Every Sweetness level

Front 74

Give the specs for Franciacorta Saten DOCG

Back 74

Lombardia
Chardonnay - Pinot Bianco (note: no Pinot Nero, similar to Blanc de Blanc)
ABV 11.5%
Months: 24 on lees, 60 (R), 30 (Millesimato)

Front 75

Give the specs for Franciacorta Rosé DOCG

Back 75

Lombardia
85% Chardonnay - Pinot Bianco, 15% Pinot Noir
ABV 11.5%
Months: 24 on lees, 60 (R), 30 (Millesimato)
Basically a Cremant

Front 76

Compare and Contrast Franciacorta to Champagne

Back 76

Both use Chardonnay and Pinot Noir but then Franciacorta uses Pinot Bianco as opposed to Pinto Meunier
Much longer time on lees
More creamy and with an allowable + 5grams of liter per sugar for Brut
Lago d'Iseo mitigates climate = ripeness
All levels of sweetness

Front 77

Give the specs for Oltrepó Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG

Back 77

Lombardia
Pinot Nero min. 70%, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bianco max 30%
ABV 11.5%
Months: 15 on lees, 24 (Millesimato)

[70% of production of the region]

Front 78

Give the specs for Oltrepó Pavese Metodo Classico Pinot Nero (+ Cruasé) DOCG

Back 78

Lombardia
Pino Nero min 85%, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bicanco max 15%
ABV 11.5%
Months: 15 on lees, 24 (Millesimato)

[Cruasé is 100% Pinot Noir & is Rosé]

Front 79

Give the specs for Moscato di Scanzo OR Scanzo DOCG

Back 79

Lombardia
Moscato di Scanzo 100%
ABV 12%
Months: 24 (no oak)
RED Passito

[RED Moscato, Phyloxxera resistant, may be oldest Moscato]

Front 80

Give the specs for Sforzato di Valtellina OR Sfusat di Valtellina DOCG

Back 80

Lombardia
Nebbiolo (Chiavennasca) 90%, other grapes 10%
ABV 14%
Months: 24
Appassimento method

[heroic cultvation - Gerle]

Front 81

Give the specs for Valtellina Superiore DOCG

Back 81

Lombardia
Nebbiolo 90% (Chiavennasca), other grapes 10%
ABV 12%
Months: 24, 36 (R),
Sottozone: Maroggia, Sassella, Grumello, INferno, Valgella

Front 82

Give the specs for Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG

Back 82

Veneto
Corvina (45-95%), o Corvinone max 50%, Rondinella, Molinara etc
ABV 14%
Months: 24, 48 (R)
Sottozona: Valpantena
Regular Red, Riserva, Classico
Made with the Appassimento method [along with Sfursat, only other red dry appassimento wine]

Front 83

Give the specs for Bardolino Superiore DOCG

Back 83

Veneto
Corvina (35%-80%), Rondinella (10%-40%), Molinara max 15%, others max 20%
ABV 12%
Months: no aging requirements
Regular Red, Classico
[first wine in Veneto to get DOCG, lake Garda, Bardolino DOC is fallback, Rosso, Chiaretto (Rosé), Novello]

Front 84

Give the specs for Colli Asolani Prosecco or Asolo Prosecco DOCG

Back 84

Veneto
Glera 85%, Bianchetta trevigiana Verdiso-Perera 15%
ABV 10.5%, 11% (Spumante)
Months: no aging requirements
Regular White, Brut-> Demi Sec, Secco->Amabile
[Charmat only!]

Front 85

Give the specs for Conegliano Valdobbiadine Prosecco OR Conegliano Prosecco OR Valdobbiadene Prosecco + Superiore di Cartizze DOCG

Back 85

Veneto
Glera
85%, Bianchetta trevigiana Verdiso-Perera 15%
ABV 10.5%, 10.5% (Spumante), 11% (Superiore/Millesimato), 11.5% (Spumante Superiore/Millesimato)
Months: no aging requirements
[Charmat ONLY! Cartizze is most expensive vineyards in the world, do not confuse with Prosecco DOC]

Front 86

Give the specs for Colli di Conegliano DOCG

Back 86

Veneto
Cabernet Franc, Cab Sauv, Marzemino, Merlot 10% min each (Merlot max 40%), max 20%, Incrocio Manzoni and or Refosco Penducolo Rosso
ABV 12.5%
Months: 24, 36 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva

Front 87

Give the specs for Colli di Conegliano Refrontolo Rosso / Passito DOCG

Back 87

Veneto
Marzemino min 95%
ABV 15% (Passito)
Months: 24 (4)
Passito

Front 88

Give the specs for Colli di Conegliano Bianco DOCG

Back 88

Veneto
Manzoni Bianco min 30%, Pinot Bianco & Chardonnay min 30%, others
no ABV
Months: 4
Regular White

Front 89

Give the specs for Colli di Conegliano Torchiato di Fregona DOCG

Back 89

Veneto
Glera min 30%, Verdiso min 20%, Boschera min 25%, max 15% others
ABV 18%
Months: 24
White Passito

Front 90

Give the specs for Colli Euganei Fior D'Arancio DOCG

Back 90

Veneto
Moscato giallo min 95%
ABV 4.5%, 11% (Passito), 6% (Spumante)
Months: no aging requirements
Regular White, Passito, Spumante

Front 91

Give the specs for Lison DOCG

Back 91

Veneto
Tai (Tocai Friulano) min 85%
ABV 12%
Months: no aging requirements
Regular White, Classico
[extrapolated from Lison-Parmaggiore DOC, +structure, marl & clay]

Front 92

Give the specs for Piave Malanotte OR Malanotte del Piave DOCG

Back 92

Veneto
Raboso Piave min 70%, Raboso Veronese max 30%
ABV 12.5%
Months: 36
Regular Red
[Piave DOC is fallback, "Raboso" = angry]

Front 93

Give the specs for Recioto di Gambellara Classico DOCG

Back 93

Veneto
Garganega 100%
ABV 14.5%, 13.5% (Spumante)
Months: 12
White Passito, Spumante

Front 94

Give the specs for Recioto di Soave Classico DOCG

Back 94

Veneto
70% Garganega, 30% Chardonay-Trebbiano di Soave-Pinot Bianco
ABV 12%, 11.5% (Spumante)
Months: no aging requirement
White Passito, Spumante
[Botrytis]

Front 95

Give the specs for Recioto della Valpolicella Classico Valpantena DOCG

Back 95

Veneto
Corvina (45-95% Corvina), Veronese (5-30%), other grapes (5-30%)
ABV 12%, 12% (Spumante)
Months: no aging requirement
Red Passito, Spumante

Front 96

Give the specs for Soave Superiore DOCG

Back 96

Veneto
Garganega (70-100%), Trebbiano max 30%, others
ABV 11%
Months: 12
Regular White, Riserva, Classico

Front 97

Give the specs for Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit + Cialla Subzone DOCG

Back 97

Friuli Venezia Giulia
Picolit 85%, 100% (Cialla Subzone)
ABV 15%, 16% (Cialla Subzone)
Months: 48 (R only in Cialla Subzone)
White Passito, Riserva
Unique Spontaneous Floral Abortion = greater concentration of sugars

Front 98

Give the specs for Rosazzo DOCG

Back 98

Friuli Venezia Giulia
Friulano min 50%, Sauvignon (20-30%), Pinot Bianco and or Chardonnay (20-30%), Ribolla Gialla max 10%
ABV 11.5%, 12% Spumante
Months: no aging requirements
Regular White
[ancient field blend 1082]

Front 99

Give the specs for Ramandolo DOCG

Back 99

Friuli Venezia Giulia
Verduzzo 100%
ABV 11%
Months: no aging requirements
White Passito
[Wisteria aromas]

Front 100

Give the specs for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG

Back 100

Toscana
Sangiovese Grosso 100%
ABV 12.5%
Months: 48, 60 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva
[Sant'Antimo is fallback appellation, Biondi Santi first selected in 150 years ago, Monte Amiata shields from weather, +altitude = +intensity, only Bordeaux bottle]

Front 101

Give the specs for Carmignano DOCG

Back 101

Toscana
Sangiovese min 50%, Cab Sauv and/or Cab Franc (10-20%), Canaiolo Nero (0-20%), Trebbiano Toscano and/or Malcasia del Chianti and/or Caniolo Bianco, other grapes (0-10%)
ABV 12.5%
Months: 12, 24 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva
[really the first "Super Tuscan", smallest DOCG in area, Barco Reale di Carmignano is fallback appellation, ex-Montalbano]

Front 102

Give the specs for Chianti DOCG

Back 102

Toscana
Sangiovese (70-100%), Cab Sauv or Cab Franc max 15%, + others in varied percentages (Canaiolo, Colorino)
ABV: VARIES by sub zone
Months: 24 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva, Superiore

Subzones:
Colli Aretini: +crispness, -structure
Colli Fiorentini: +versatile, +pleasant, +light
Colline Senesi: Montalcino influence, still can use white grapes, +structure, +alcohol
Montabano: Carmignano fallback, +international style
Montespertoli: ++simple
Rufina: +hill hight & temp flux = ++complex & elegant, +aging
Colline Pisane: sandy soils = +light, -complex, +pleasant, +lean, -aging

Front 103

Give the specs for Chianti Classico DOCG

Back 103

Toscana
Sangiovese (80-100%), Canaiolo Nero 10%, other grapes (0-20%)
ABV 11.5%, 12% (R)
Months: 12, 24 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva

Front 104

What's the easiest way to think of all the Sangiovese based wines in Central Toscana?

Back 104

Breakout versions of EX-Chianti (Montalcino used to be Colli Senesi, Carmignano used to be Montalbano, etc)

Front 105

Give the specs for Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG

Back 105

Toscana
Aleatico 100%
ABV 11.5%
Months: no aging requirements
Red Passito

Front 106

Give the specs for Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG

Back 106

Toscana
Sangiovese min 90%
ABV 13%, 13.5% (R)
Months: 24, 36 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva

Front 107

Give the specs for Morellino di Scansano DOCG

Back 107

Toscana
Sangiovese 85% (Morellino) others 15%
ABV 12.5%, 13% (R)
Months: 12, 24 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva
[name comes from local dark horses, unique proximity to sea, Prima Selezione: 4-12 months in oak]

Front 108

Give the specs for Vernaccia di Sangimignano DOCG

Back 108

Toscana
Vernaccia di San Gimignano(85-100%), max 15% others
ABV 11%, 11.5 % (R)
Months: 11 (R)
Regular White
[ancient grape, first DOC of Italy]

Front 109

Give the specs for Suverto DOCG

Back 109

Toscana
Cab Sauv, Merlot, Sangiovese
ABV 12.5%
Months: 12, 24 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva

Front 110

Give the specs for Rosso Val di Cornia DOCG

Back 110

Toscana
Sangiovese 40%, Cab Sauv-Merlot 60%
ABV 12.5%
Months: 18, 24 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva

Front 111

Give the specs for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

Back 111

Toscana
Sangiovese Rosso (Prugnolo) min 70%, Canaiolo max 20%, max 20% others
ABV 12.5%, 13% (R)
Months: 24, 36 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva
[one of first red DOCG]

Front 112

Give the specs for Albana di Romagna DOCG

Back 112

Emilia Romagna
Albana di Romanga min 95%
ABV 11.5% (Secco), 12% (Amabile->Dolce), 15.5% (Passito)
Months: 12, 36 (Passito Riserva)
Regular White, Secco->Dolce, Passito Riserva
[Italy's first White DOCG]

Front 113

Give the specs for Colli Bolognesi Classico

Back 113

Emilia Romagna
Pignoletto min 95%
ABV 12%
Months: no aging requirements
Regular White, Frizzante, Spumante
[on one of few hills in Emilia, un-grafted due to sandy soil]

Front 114

Give the specs for Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG

Back 114

Marche
Verdicchio 85%, other grapes 15%
ABV 12.5%
Months: 18 (R)
White Riserva, Classico

Front 115

Give the specs for Conero Riserva DOCG

Back 115

Marche
Montepulciano 85%, Sangiovese 15%
ABV 12.5%
Months: 24 (R)
Red Riserva
[behind Conero promontory, mineral rich chalk & clay, med influence, Rosso Conero is fallback]

Front 116

Give the specs for Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG

Back 116

Marche
Verdicchio 85%, other grapes 15%
ABV 12.5% (R), 15% (Passito)
Months: 18
White Riserva, Passito

Front 117

Give the specs for Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG

Back 117

Marche
Vernaccia Nera 85%, other grapes 15%
ABV 11.5% (Spumante)
Months: 8
Spumante, Dry, Dolce
[ONLY wine to undergo TRIPLE fermentation: 60% vinified at harvest, 40% is appassimento, assembled then secondary fermentation)

Front 118

Give the specs for Offida Rosso DOCG

Back 118

Marche
Montepulciano min 85%
ABV 13%
Months: 24 (12 in oak)
Regular Red

Front 119

Give the specs for Offida Pecorino

Back 119

Marche
Pecorino min 85%
ABV 11.5%
Months: no aging requirements
Regular White

Front 120

Give the specs for Offida Passerina DOCG

Back 120

Marche
Passerina min 85%
ABV 11.5%
Months: no aging requirements
Regular White

Front 121

Give the specs for Monefalco Sagrantino DOCG

Back 121

Umbria
Sagrantino 100%
ABV 13%, 14.5% (Passito)
Months: 33 (for both styles)
Regular Red, Passito
[the "Montalcino of Umbria, Sagrantino = +++tannic, Passito original version to be used in church, Passito is one of the few sweet reds of Italy]

Front 122

Give the specs for Torgiano Riserva DOCG

Back 122

Umbria
Sangiovese 70%, other grapes 30% (Canaiolo, etc)
ABV 12.5%
Months: 36 (R)
Regular Red
[commune of Torgiano only, high hill which has unique microclimate which causes rain ONLY in late fall and winter instead of spring, one of the oldest appellations of Italy]

Front 123

Give the specs for Cesanese del Piglio

Back 123

Lazio
Cesanese del Affile 90%, other grapes 10%
ABV 12%, 13% (S), 14% (S/R)
Months: 4, 20 (R), 12 (S)
Regular Red, Superiore, Riserva

Front 124

Give the specs for Frascati Superiore DOCG

Back 124

Lazio
Malvasia Bianca di Candida and/or Malvasia del Lazio (Malvasia Puntinata) min 70%, Bellone and/or Bombino Bianco, Greco Bianco, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano Giallo max 30%
ABV 12%, 13% (R)
Months: 12 (R)
Regular White, Riserva

Front 125

Give the specs for Cennellino di Frascati DOCG

Back 125

Lazio
Malvasia Bianca di Candida and/or Malvasia del Lazio (Malvasia Puntinata) min 70%, Bellone and/or Bombino Bianco, Greco Bianco, Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano Giallo max 30%
ABV 12.5%
Months: no aging requirements
Passito

Front 126

Give the specs for Montepulciano d'Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG

Back 126

Abruzzo
Montepulciano 90%, Sangiovese 10%
ABV 12.5%
Months: 24, 36 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva
[best Montepulciano - elevation, maritime climate]

Front 127

Give the specs for Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG

Back 127

Basilicata
Aglianico 100%
ABV 13.5%
Months: 24, 48 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva

Front 128

Give the specs for Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG

Back 128

Puglia
Primitivo 100%
ABV 16%
Months: 6
Sweet Red

Front 129

Give the specs for Castel del Monte Riserva DOCG

Back 129

Puglia
Nero di Troaia min. 65%
ABV 13%
Months: 24 (R)
Riserva Red

Front 130

Give the specs for Castel del Monte Bombino Nero DOCG

Back 130

Puglia
Bombino Nero min 90%
ABV 12%
Months: no aging requirements
Regular Red

Front 131

Give the specs for Castel del Monte Nero di Troia Riserva DOCG

Back 131

Puglia
Nero di Troia 90%
ABV 13%
Months: 24 (R)
Riserva Red

Front 132

Give the specs for Fiano di Avellino DOCG

Back 132

Campania
Fiano di Avellino 85%, Greco, Coda di Volpe Bianco, Trebbiano Toscano
ABV 11.5%
Months: no aging requirements
Regular White

Front 133

Give the specs for Greco di Tufo DOCG

Back 133

Campania
Grego di Tufo 85%, Coda di Volpe Bianco 15%
ABV 11.5%, 12% (Spumante)
Months: 36 (Spumante)
Regular White, Spumante

Front 134

Give the specs for Taurasi DOCG

Back 134

Campania
Aglianico 85%, other grapes 15%
ABV 13.5%
Months: 36, 48 (R)
Regular Red, Riserva

Front 135

Give the specs for Aglianico del Taburno DOCG

Back 135

Campania
Aglianico min 85%
ABV 12%
Months: 24, 36 (R)
Rosé, Red, Riserva

Front 136

Give the specs for Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG

Back 136

Sicily
Nero d'Asola (50-75%), Frappato (30-50%)
ABV 13%
Months: 6, 17 (Classico)
Regular Red, Classico

Front 137

Give the specs for Vermentino di Gallura DOCG

Back 137

Sardegna
Vermentino 95%, other grapes 5%
ABV 11%, 12% (S)
Months: no aging requirements
Regular White, Superiore, Frizzante, Spumante, Passito, Vendemmia Tardiva

Front 138

Name the regions that do not currently have any DOCG's

Back 138

Val d'Aosta
Trentino Alto Adige
Liguria
Molise
Calabria

Front 139

Which region has the highest production of DOC wines?

Back 139

Veneto

Front 140

Italy is not complicated, it is complex.

Back 140

YES.

Front 141

Generalize the two soil types between northern and southern Italy

Back 141

Hard to generalize as Italy as is one of the most complex soil type composites in the world.

North: Very old Volcanic with mountain soils rich in minerality (granite, clay, etc) and with some morainic soils where glaciers drew back in most northern areas (look for finger lakes)

Central towards South: Volcanic from vented pressures (Tufa, trachyte, etc)

Front 142

Divide Italy into 4 Major regions and list the different Regions (States) in each area (this will not be exact as some Regions so influence of 2 broad regions)

Back 142

North: Valle d'Aosta, Piemonte, Liguria, Veneto, Lombardia, Trentino Alto Adige, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Emilia Romagna

Central: Toscana, Lazio, Umbria, Marche, Abruzzo, Molise

South: Campania, Calabria, Basilicata, Puglia

Islands: Sardegna, Sicilia

Front 143

1)How many DOC are there?

2)How many IGT?

3)How many VdT?

Back 143

334

119

Almost limitless

Front 144

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Lombardia

Back 144

Colder, Mountain soils, minearlly, earthy.

Only 12% of region is hilly & suitable for fine wine. Lakes mitigate climate.
Few autoctonous grapes.
70% red
Morainic soils dominate

Front 145

What is the sparkling wine capital of Italy

Back 145

Lombardia (Franciacorta, Oltrepo' Pavese)

Front 146

What are the main DOCG's of Lombardia

Back 146

Franciacorta DOCG
Valtellina Superiore DOCG
Sforzato della Valtellina DOCG (Sfurzat)
Oltrepo' Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG
Moscato to Scanzo DOCG

Front 147

What are the main white grapes in Lombardia?

Red grapes?

Back 147

Chardonnay, Trebbiano, Pinot Bianco, Riesling Italico, Malvasia di Candia

Chiavanesca, Barbera (Croatina), Bonarda, Pinot Nero, Moscato di Scanzo (possibly the first Moscato in the world)

Front 148

What are the major differences between Franciacorta Oltrepo' Pavese?

Back 148

More use of Chardonnay as opposed to Pinot Noir and Pinot Grigio

More minearlly and crisp, less fruity, more complex, morainic soils

Much more time on the lees

Smaller production [Oltreó Pavese accounts for 70% of production for region]

Front 149

What are the major differences between Franciacorta and Champagne?

Back 149

Much less $

Longer time on the lee's for the base level (18-24 months for regular compared to just 15 for Champagne)

Chardonnay and Pinot Nero but Pinot Bianco instead of Pinot Meunier

Front 150

What is the typical dessert wine of Lombardia?

Typical white wine?

Back 150

Moscato di Scanzo DOCG

Lugana DOC (Trebbiano di Lugana 90%, Morainic soils = fresh water fish pair, shared with Veneto, Superiore, Riserva, Spumante, Vendemmia Tardiva)

Front 151

Briefly describe the 5 sub zones of Valtellina Superiore DOCG

Back 151

Maroggia: Fruitiest
Sassella: Elegance & Complexity
Grumello: Smoothest
Inferno: Robust, Alcohol, Austere
Valgella (Simplest, most Crisp)

Front 152

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Liguria

Back 152

65% mountains - 35% hills

Soil: schist, limestone, quartz, gravel = rocky minerality

+Sun = alcohol/ripeness

Strong sea influence = salinity/sapidity

Cool winds from mountains & sea = acidity

West = red soils (Iron) = bolder
Center = simple
East = coolest, ++sea spray

Front 153

What are the main white grapes of Liguria?

Red grapes?

Back 153

Mostly white wines: Pigato (West side), Vermentino, Bianchetta+Bosco+Albarola = blending grapes of EAST (5 Terre), Lumassina

Rossese (low tannin),
Ormeasco (Dolcetto), Ciliegiolo

Front 154

What famous dessert wine is made in the Cinque Terre? Describe.

Back 154

Cinque Terre Sciacchetrá DOC

White passito from local white grapes (Bosco, Albarola, Vermentino), only 10% ABV.

Front 155

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Valle d'Aosta

Back 155

French Influence & some labeling
Surprisingly good sun due to mountain blocking (rain shadow effect) but very cold in winter (Monte Bianco!)
Indigenous varieties, 25 bC Roman planints

Fruit Forward, +alcohol, -tannin, pleasant, mineral, soft

Smallest region, morainic soils

Front 156

What is the one DOC of Valle d'Aosta? Describe and list some examples.

Back 156

Valle D'Aosta DOC in the Dora Baltea Valley.

25 styles of wine - both Varietal and Subzones

Whites (DOC): Blanc de Morgex et de La Salle Spumante (and still), Chambave Muscat, Nus Malvoisie (Pinot Grigio),

Rosé (DOC): Valle d'Aosta Prëmetta, Valle d'Aosta Rosato

Reds (DOC): Arnad-Motjovet, Chambace Rouge, Donnas (Nebbiolo), Enfer d'Arvier, Nus Rouge, Torrette (Petite Rouge)

Sweet Wines (DOC): Chambave Muscat Flétri, Nus Muscat Flétri

Front 157

What are the main white grapes in Aosta?

Red?

Back 157

Prié Blanc, Petite Arvine, Moscato Bicano, Malvoisie (Pinot Grigio), Muller Thurgau

85% of all production are red: Petit Rouge, Cornalin, Fumin (a grape to watch), Mayolet, Vuillermin, Picotendro (Nebbiolo)

Front 158

Very briefly talk about the sub zones of Valle d'Aosta

Back 158

Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle: highest vineyards in of Europe, white and sparkling, Prié Blanc (ungrafted)

Enfer d'Arvier: mostly reds, mostly Petit Rouge

Torrette: drier wines, mostly Petit Rouge

Nus: Vien de Nus and Petit Rouge, also passito from Pinot Gris clone (Malvoisie)

Chambave: mostly Petit Rouge for Red, Moscato Bianco for whites

Arnad-Montjove: mostly Nebbiolo

Donnaz: mostly Nebbiolo, makes lighter & more elegant style

Front 159

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Friuli Venezia Giulia

Back 159

65% lowlands, 35% hills
60% white wines (great)
Humid sub-Mediterranean with extreme Seasonal and diurnal temp shift with big winds (-> Casarsa trellising to protect flowers)

Name from Forum Juli (Caesar) - no vineyards predating Romans (but in 1787 1st registration of specific vineyards)
[Ronco = terraced hillsides]

Front 160

Which region is most tied to Orange Wines? Why?
What are Orange Wines?

Back 160

Friuli Venezia Giulia, a white region with ties to Slavonia absorbed by a red wine country.

White wines that have extended skin contact raising tannins and complexity. Aged naturally with no sulfites in clay amphora or barrels. To be enjoyed as if it were a red wine.

[Ancient Roman technique]

Front 161

What are the main white grapes of Friuli Venezia Giulia?

Red grapes?

Back 161

FRIULANO (Tocai), Verduzzo Friulano, Ribolla Gialla, Picolit, Vitrovska, Malvasia Istriana, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Grigio, Chardonnay, Traminer

PIGNOLO, Refosco del Peduncolo Rosso, Refosco Terrano (red soils), Schioppettino, Tazzelenghe, Merlot, Cab Sauv & Franc, Pinot Noir

Front 162

Name the main zones for Friuli Venezia Giuglia

Back 162

Collio & Colli Orientali [best whites, strongest Slovenian ties, sapidity & minerality, Orange Wines]
Ramandolo
Rosazzo [named after an abby that made a Rose liquor]
Friuli Isonzo & Carso [difficult, intense, red soil = bloody, metallic]
Grave [pebbly, highest production]

Front 163

What are the 4 major sub-regions of Piemonte?

Back 163

Langhe (Barbaresco, Barolo, Alba, Cuneo)

Alto Piemonte (Vercelli/Novara, Gattinara, Ghemme, Boca, Sizzano)

Monferrato

Astigiano (Asti)

Front 164

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Piemonte

Back 164

Omnipresent vines with 93% planted on hills (illegal for DOC or DOCG to be in flatland)
70% red
No IGT
Burgundy of Italy
Isolated in many ways over history (geographically, socio-politically, etc)

Front 165

What are the main white grapes of Piemonte?

Red grapes?

Back 165

Arneis, Cortese, Moscato Bianco, Erbaluce, Timorasso, Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco

NEBBIOLO, Barbera, Dolcetto, Brachetto, Bonarda, Vespolina, Pelaverga, Freisa, Grignolino, Ruché

Front 166

Give some details about Barbera

Back 166

Originated in hills of Monferrato (13th C)

2nd most planted red varietal in Italy (after Sangiovese)

EXTREMELY VERSATILE (adds freshness + fruit)

High yields

Front 167

What is Prunent?

Back 167

The oldest biotype known of Nebbiolo, only found in Val d'Ossola in Northern Piemonte

Front 168

Give some details about Alto Piemonte. What are the most famous wines?

Back 168

Earthier, +Acid, +thiner bodied, +harshness, +mineral
+Overcast, Morainic

Ghemme DOCG & Gattinara DOCG (Spanna/Nebbiolo & Vespaiolo [sugar] & Bonarda/Uva Rara [color])

Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG (white wine of area)

Boca DOC (similar blend of other reds but unique porphyritic rock = +++acidity)

Front 169

Give some details about the Langhe. What are the most famous wines?

Back 169

Warmer, +tannin, -mineral, +fruit, +docile terrain, +cru mentality

"Lingue" = tongues of land
DOCG: Barolo, Barbaresco, Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba, Dolcetto di Dogliani, Roero, Alta Langa

DOC: Langhe, Alba, Verduno Pelaverga

Front 170

What is Cannubi and why is it important?

Back 170

Cru in Barolo that is only one that benefits from both Tortonian and Helvetian Soil

Oldest Barolo bottle is Cannubi

Battle raging about delimitation during ranking of Cru's

Front 171

Explain some differences between the 3 Dolcetto DOCGs of Piemonte

Back 171

Dolcetto di Dogliani Superiore DOCG: +bold
Dolcetto di Diano DOCG: +light
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG: +balance

Dogliani was the first to get DOCG

Front 172

What are the most famous wine of the Astigiano area?

Back 172

DOCG: Moscato d'Asti / Asti, Brachetto d'Acqui, Barbera d'Asti

DOC: (varietal) Asti

Front 173

What are the most famous wines of the Monferrato area?

Back 173

DOCG: Gavi, Barbera del Monferrato Superiore

DOC: Colli Tortonesi (Timorasso), Monferrato (blend)

Volume area of Piemonte

Front 174

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Emilia Romagna

Back 174

Largest Plains of Italy, flat, sandy = not best suited for fine wines (Romagna portion is exception)

2 main zones: Emilia (North influences, Lambrusco) and Romagna (Central influences, hills)

climate starting towards moderate

Front 175

What are the white grapes of Emilia?

Red grapes?

DOC's?

Back 175

PIGNOLETO, Pinot Bicano, Bombino Bianco, Montu, MALVASIA BIANCA, Sauvigon Blanc, Chardonnay

LAMBRUSCO (only DOC made from NON Vitis Vinifera), CROATINA (Bonarda), BARBERA, Cab Sauv, Syrah, Merlot

Front 176

Give more details about Lambrusco

Back 176

Vitis Sylvestris, NOT Vitis Vinifera = does well in poor, sandy soils, like "labrughum" (drainage ditches)

Only DOC from non Vitis Vinifera

Biotypes: Grasparossa, Maesri, Marami, Montericcol, Salamino, Sorbara

DOC's:
Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce (++intense)
Lambrusco di Sorbara (++lightest)
Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro (++boldest)
Modena (+common)
Reggiano (++colored, ++fruity with Maetri clone)

Front 177

Give more detail about Malvasia di Candia Aromatica

Back 177

White grape with +aromatics (Aromatic herbs, mint, etc)

Found in many local DOC's and IGT's of Emilia (Colli di Parma, Colli Piacentini, etc)

Front 178

What are the white grapes of Romagna?

Red grapes?

DOC's?

Back 178

Albana, TREBBIANO, REBOLA (Pignoleto), Pinot Bianco, PAGADEBIT (Bombino), MALVASIA BIANCA, Chardonnay

Sangiovese (birthplace), ANCELLOTTA, CENTSIMINO, FORTANA, Refosco Terrano (Cagnina), Montepulciano

Front 179

Give more detail about Trebbiano di Romagna DOC

Back 179

Etruscans used to enhance with resin

Most widely planted varietal in Romagna and Italy

Trebbiano = Ugni Blanc = most planted grape in world

Min 85% Trebbiano Romagnolo

Front 180

Give more detail about Sangiovese di Romagna DOC

Back 180

Originated in Monte Giove in Sanarcangelo di Romagna, in Rimini.

85% min. Sangiovese Romagnolo

+Balance, +ripe, +soft, +alcohol than Tuscan counterparts but does not age well

Superiore: best hills, south of Via Emilia, can appassire grapes

Riserva: low yields, south of Via Emilia, longer maceration, can appassire grapes, 2+ year aging

Front 181

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Toscana

Back 181

Mediterranean climate, 68% hilly, 3rd largest producer of DOC/DOCG wines, 3rd most planted region, 80% red wines

Old Tuscany vs. New Tuscany

39 DOCG, 11 DOC, 6 IGT

Front 182

What are the main areas of Toscana?

Back 182

Chianti (7 subzones)

Chianti Classico

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

Montalcino (Brunello di Montalcino DOCG, Rosso di
Montalcino DOC, Sant'Antimo DOC)

Montepulciano (Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG, Rosso di Montepulciano DOC)

Bolgheri & Maremma (Super Tuscans, Vermentino)

Morellino di Scansano (unique Sangiovese)

Front 183

What are the main white grapes of Toscana?

Red Grapes?

Back 183

VERNACCIA, Trebbiano Toscano, VERMENTINO, Ansolia, Malvasia Bianca, Canaiolo Bianco, Moscadello

SANGIOVESE (as well as Canaiolo Nero, Colorino), Ciliegiolo, Malvasia Nera, ALICANTE, Aleatico

Front 184

Give some more detail about Saniovese

Back 184

Ancient grape known to Etruscans, many biotypes

Most planted red grape in Italy

"Sanguis Jovis", late ripener

Vigorous, so yields must be artificially kept low

Large Violet, iris, strawberry, black cherry, plum, clove, thyme

Does best in limestone

+acid, +glycerol, +complex supple tannins

Front 185

Give quite a bit of detail about Chianti and Chianti Classico

Back 185

"Chianti" in use since 13th C., probably from "Clante", an Etruscan family name

Bettino Ricasoli (Prime Minister) developed original Chianti recipe (Sangiovese, Canaiolo, Trebbiano bianco, Malvasia bianca)

1990 saw split of Chianti Classico and Chianti

Chianti DOC: Rufina, Colli Fiorentini, Colli Aretini, Colli Senesi, Colline Pisane, Montalbano, Montespertoli

Good drainage in vineyards, Glaestro (+structure, +complexity) & Albarese (+elegance, +crispness)

Chianti Classico DOCG: historical center of Chianti (Castellina, Greve, Radda, Panano, Gaiole), best Terroir.
Regular: released next year
Riserva: +Sangiovese, +fruit quality, +complex, 24 months
Gran Selezione: 30+ months, single vineyard and/or selection of best grapes

Front 186

Give some detail about Rosso di Montalcino DOC

Back 186

Fallback apellation to Brunello
100% Sangiovese grosso
+yield than Brunello
Ready to sell next year
ABV 12% lower than Brunello

Front 187

Give some detail about Sant'Antimo DOC

Back 187

Large & lenient apellation

"Playground" of Montalcino wineries

Can have varietal indication of Cab Sauv, Merlot, Pinot Nero; Chardonnay, Sauv Blanc, Pinot Grigio

Front 188

Give some detail about Montepulciano growing area (NOT GRAPE(

Back 188

Known since 16th C.

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano (+Riserva) DOCG
Rosso di Montepulciano DOC

Front 189

Give some detail about Vin Santo

Back 189

Dessert wine, Passito

Chianti / Chianti Classico / Montepulciano

Aged oxidatively in special Caratelli for many years

"Santo" = pressed during Easter

Vin Santo (mostly Trebbiano)
Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice (mostly Sangiovese)

Front 190

Give some detail about Bolgheri DOC

Back 190

Mario Incisa della Rocchetta planted first Cabernet in 1944

Sassicaia 1968 - first example of Italian cru concept - first and only example of a winery exclusive DOC

Mediterranean expression of Bordeaux

Maremma with very complex soils (Alluvial -> peoples -> sassi, sea/fossils, volcanic)

Front 191

What are Super Tuscans?

Back 191

Term invented by foreign press (Robert Parker) to describe new styles of non appellate wines, mostly in Maremma.

Tignanello in 1971 first named "Super Tuscan"

1992 IGT was introduced mostly to solve issue

Front 192

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Umbria

Back 192

Only landlocked region completely within Italy

Light, simple whites & heavy, bold reds

Moderate climate, -mineral soil, +clay, +sun

57% white and in Southern part

Front 193

What are the main white grapes of Umbria?

Red Grapes?

Back 193

GRECHETTO, Trebbiano Toscano (Procanico), Malvasia Bianco

Sangiovese, SAGRANTINO, others

Front 194

What are the major areas of Umbria?

Back 194

DOCG: Montefalco Sagrantino, Torgiano Rosso Riserva

DOC: Colli Martani, Montefalco Rosso, Orvieto (largest DOC in Italy)

IGT: Umbria

Front 195

Give some detail about Montefalco DOC

Back 195

RED

60-70% Sangiovese, 10-15% Sagrantino, +others (Merlot popular)

Kind of like the fallback appellation for Montefalco Sagrantino EXCEPT that it is mostly Sangiovese

Compared to DOCG: +value, -tannin, +balance, -alcohol

Front 196

Give more detail about Orvieto DOC

Back 196

Largest DOC of Italy

Accounts for 80% of regional production

Tufa

Trebbiano/Grechetto 60%, Malcasia, Canaiolo Bianco, etc

Classico, Superiore, Classico Superiore

Secco -> Dolce

Rosso Orvietano DOC is red wine based on Aleatico

Only part of Umbria with +minearlity

Front 197

Give some detail about Colli Martani DOC

Back 197

Montefalco's "playground apellation"

Grechetto, International varieties

Malvasia 10% max

Front 198

Characterize some of the relevant ancient and modern history to why the Veneto is such an important wine region

Back 198

1000 BC first signs of vilification

Serenessima: Venetian Expansion
now the wealthiest, most developed, industrialized region of Italy
First Oenological school of Italy 1876 (Conegliano)
VinItaly

Front 199

Which region produces the most wine in Italy?

Back 199

Veneto (8,500,000 hl)

Then Puglia then Sicily

Front 200

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Veneto

Back 200

Largest volume of wine

Good balance of white and red

Merlot most planted (30%)

long tradition of drying grapes

+rivers & Canals = irrigation

Mild climate / subcontinental mitigated by lakes and Adriatic Sea, protected by Alps

mostly flatlands with good amount of hills

Front 201

What are the main white grapes of the Veneto?

Red grapes?

Back 201

GARGANEGA, GLERA (Prosecco), Trebbiano di Soave, Tai (Tocai), Vespaiola (Torcolato), Manzoni Bianco, Verdisio, Durella, Bianca Fernanda (Cortese), Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco

CORVINA VERONESE, Corvinone, Rondinella, Molinara, Rossignola, Negrara Veronese, Oseleta, Raboso (Piave e Veronese), Merlot, Cab Sav, Carmenere, Tai Rosso (Garnacha), Wildbacker

Front 202

Where does the word "Recioto" come from?

Back 202

"Recia" or ear of the grape cluster - it refers to the top part that gets the most sun (+sugars) well adapted for sweet wines.

Used in the Veneto (Recioto di Soave Classico, Recioto di Gambellara, Recioto di Valpolicella Classico Valpantena)

Front 203

Give some more detail on the Garganega grape

Back 203

+Structure, balanced acidity, bitter finish, lemongrass aroma, good for appassimento

Several DOC's:
Soave Superiore
Recioto di Soave
Soave
Recioto di Gambellara
Bianco di Custoza
Gambellara

Front 204

What does each grape contribute to Amarone?

Back 204

Corvina: color, aroma, acidity, structure

Rondinella: spices, body, structure

Molinara: acidity, bitterness

Corvinone: structure, color

Front 205

Describe the "appassimento" method

Back 205

Slow drying of grapes in well ventilated areas prior to pressing

Sugar Concentration
Concentration of other substances (water elimination)
+Aroma, color, phenolic substances in must
+Complexity
+Tannins & smoothness of tannins
If Botrytis: +glycerine, -malic & tartaric acid, +aromatic complexity

Front 206

Give more detail on Valpolicella DOCs

Back 206

Valpolicella Rosso: regular wine NOT made with appassimento method

Valpolicella Ripasso: Valpolicella is poured over leftover grape skins and seeds from fermentation of Recioto and Amarone with extended maceration = +alcohol, +body, +complexity, +tannins, +glycerol, +phenolic compounds.
Baby Amarone

Front 207

Give the specs for Bagnoli Friularo DOCG

Back 207

Veneto

Raboso Piave min 90% ("Friularo" = cold as in late harvest)
50% can be Passito or Vendemmia Tardiva

Classico, Riserva, Vendemmia Tardiva, Passito

Front 208

Give the specs for Montello e Colli Asolani Rosso DOCG

Back 208

Veneto

Merlot (40-60%), Cab Franc (20-30%), Cab Sav (10-20%)
ABV 11%

Front 209

Name some of the most important DOC's from Veneto

Back 209

Bianco di Custoza:
Trebbiano (10-45%), Garganega (20-40%), Trebbianello (5-30%), Bianca Fernanda (Cortese clone) max 30%, others
Superiore, Passito, Spumante

Breganze DOC / Torcolato
mostly Vespaiola grape appassito

Lessini Durello DOC
Durella 85%
Spumante (Charmat), Spumante Riserva (Methode Champenoise)

Prosecco
Shared with Friuli

Front 210

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Trentino Alto Adige

Back 210

2 separate area: Trentino in South & Alto Adige (Sud Tirol) in North
60% Italian, 35% German, 5% Ladino
Mainly moutons

Front 211

Give some detail about Trentino

Back 211

2/3 production is DOC
No DOCG
Coop driven
Mostly mono-varietal
++temp shifts
++sun
several microclimates

Front 212

Name the 4 different wine growing areas of Trentino

Back 212

Vallagarina: milder climate, Marzemino

Valle dell' Adige: plateau of sedimentary, (Campo Rotaliano) Teroldego

Valle di Cembra: +altitude, Chard/Pinot Nero (Sparkling wines/Trento DOC), Muller Thurgau

Valle del Sarca: river/lake influence, Nosiola (Vin Santo)

Front 213

What are the main white grapes of the Trentino?

Red grapes?

Back 213

Nosiola, Chard, Moscato Giallo and Rosa, Riesling, Muller Thurgau, Gewurtz., Pinot Bianco

Marzemino, Schiava, Teroldego, Lagrein, Enantino (Lambrusco)

Front 214

Give some detail about the Marzemino gentile grape

Back 214

Dark color

Plummy, herbaceous, violets, sour cherry, -tannin

Related to Refosco and Teroldego

Trentino & Trentino Superiore DOC

Front 215

Give some brief detail about Nosiola grape

Back 215

"Nocciola"

Slightly bitter, apricot, quince, Trentino DOC, Vin Santo

Front 216

Give some detail about Teroldego Rotaliano

Back 216

Prince of Trentino (related to Marzemino, Refosco, Lagreain, Dureza, Syrah)

Plain "Campo Rotaliano", stones, gravel

Intense red fruits, jam, licorice, almonds, +acid, medium tannins, medium+ body

Front 217

Name some of the most important DOC's from Trentino

Back 217

Teroledego Rotaliano (100% Teroldego)

Trentino & Trentino Superiore (Vin Santo)

Trento (Sparkling)

Lago di Caldaro (Kalteresee or Kalterer-Schiava)
Valdadige
Casteller (Merlot 50% + others)

Front 218

Give some more detail about Trento DOC

Back 218

ONLY Metodo Classico

Chard, Pinot Bianco, Pinot Nero, Pinot Meunier

NV: 15 months on lees
Millesime: 24
Riserva: 36
Rosé

Competes with Franciacorta

++production

Front 219

Give some more detail about Trentino Vino Santo DOC, Trentino Superiore Vino Santo DOC

Back 219

85% Nosiola min.

Late harvest, Botrytis (80% weight lost), located near Sarca river

Pressed during Easter

5/6 months appassimento

only 6 producers

Front 220

Give some detail about Alto Adige (Sudtirol)

Back 220

only 15% of area cultivated

95% of production is DOC, 70% Red

Sand, gravel, limestone, granite, porphyric

++temp shift = ++aromatic

Can use German OR Italian on label

Monovarietal = 85% min (typically 100%)

Front 221

What are the main white grapes of the Alto Adige?

Red grapes?

Back 221

Traminer Aromatico, Kerner (Ries. + Schiava), Riesling, Pinot Bianco, Sylvaner, Moscato Giallo, Muller Thurgau, Pinot Grigio, Chard

Schiava, Lagrein, Pinot Nero, Cab Sav, Merlot

Front 222

Name the 4 aromatic grapes of the world

Back 222

Moscato, Gewurtraminer, Malvasia, Brachetto

Front 223

Give some more detail on Schiava grape

Back 223

Grossa (++common/important)

Gentile (-yield)

Grigia (+difficult, ++quality)

Tschaggele (+quality, -even)

Cherries, berries, -tannin

Alto Adige DOC with sub zones of
Colli di Bolzano
Meraner
Santa Maddalena

Front 224

Give more detail on Lagrein grape

Back 224

Only 6% of Alto Adige production


Deep ruby, blackberries, plums, violet

Velvety tannins

Alto Adige DOC
Lagrein Rosato (Kretzer)
Lagrein Scuro (Dunkel)

Front 225

Give more detail on Gewurtraminer grape

Back 225

Aromatic grape

Originated in Termeno (Tramin)

Intense flowery, lychee, passion fruit, spices

Alto Adige DOC
Subzones:
Valle Isarco
Valle Venosta

Front 226

Name some Alto Adige (A.A.) DOC subzones

Back 226

Colli di Bolzano (85% Schiava min)
Meranese (85% Schiava min)
Santa Maddalena (85% Schiava min)
Terlano (white grape on label 85% min)
Valle Isarco (white grape on label 85% min, only 1 red: Klausner Laitacher - Schiava, Portoghese, Lagrein, Pinot Nero)
Valle Venosta (white grape on label 85% min, only red grapes: Pinot Nero and Schiava 85% min)

Front 227

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Marche

Back 227

Central Italy, Mediterranean Climate (Adriatic influence),

HILLS (95%)

Calcerous Clay, sand, limestone

5 DOCG, 15 DOC, 50% White

Front 228

What are the main white grapes of the Marche?

Red grapes?

Back 228

Verdicchio (60%) (Trebbiano di Soave), Pecorino, Passerina (mainly in blends), Bianchello (DOC Biancehllo del Metauro DOC), Bombino Bianco, Maceratino, Malvasia Toscana, Moscatello, Albanella (Trebbiano)

Montepulciano, Sangiovese, Vernaccia di Serrapetrona (Vernaccia Nera = Grenache), Lacrima di Morro, Balsamino, Canaiolo, Aleatico

Front 229

Give some more detail about Verdicchio

Back 229

Leading white varietal of Marche (clone of Trebbiano di Soave)

Fresh, Fragrant, harmonious

+balance, +structure, +complexity with age

2 DOCG
Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva
Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva

Front 230

Give some more detail about Pecorino

Back 230

Fresh, crisp, delicate, hint of bitterness

Early ripening

In Marche, Abruzzo, Lazio

Means "little sheep"

Offida DOCG

Front 231

Give some more detail about Montepulciano grape

Back 231

+planted in Central Italy

Intense color, med acidity, mild tannin, +extraction

Lage ripening, high yield

DOCG
Conero (85% min)

DOC
Rosso Conero
Rosso Piceno

do NOT confuse with Vino Nobile di Montepulciano

Front 232

Give some more detail on Vernaccia Nera

Back 232

"Vernacular" (native)

Ruby color, bitter aftertaste

Often sparkling and sweet

DOCG
Vernaccia di Serrapetrona

Front 233

Give some more detail on Lacrima

Back 233

Intense ruby red

Red flowers, raspberries, rose petals

-ageability

DOC
Lacrima di Morro di Alba

Front 234

Give some more detail on the different areas in the Marche

Back 234

Colli Pesaresi: lighter

Castelli di Jesi e Conero DOCG's: heavier, clay soil = structure

Verdicchio di Marelica, Vernaccia di Serrapetrona: clay & sea fossils, san, inland

Offida: Rosso Piceno, playground

Front 235

How is Verdicchio Matelica different from Jesi?

Back 235

Marine sediment vs. clay & chalk

Nested in a valley more inland, closer to mountains vs. close to sea & maritime influence

+mineral, +acid vs. +intense, +bold

Front 236

Give some detail on Rosso Piceno DOC

Back 236

Marche

Montepulciano (35-85)%, Sangiovese (15-50%), max 15% other grapes

If grape is stated on label min 85%

Superiore = +1% alcohol + 12 mo aging

Front 237

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Abruzzo

Back 237

65% mountains, 35% hills, continental climate, many rivers

West: mountains, limestone

East: coast, clay, sand, volcanic ash

BIG production

40% of production is DOCG/DOC

1 DOCG, 8 DOC

Front 238

What is the Tendone Abruzzese for?

Back 238

Type of vine trellising well suited for high yield grapes

Production of 88% of region

Front 239

What are the main white grapes of the Marche?

Red grapes?

Back 239

Trebbiano Toscano, Trebbiano d'Abruzzo, Bombino Bianco, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Pecorino, Cococciola, Montonico

Montepulciano, Sangiovese, Merlot, Cab Sauv, Pinot Nero

Front 240

Give some more detail on Abruzzo DOC

Back 240

Bianco: Trebbiano min 50%

Passito bianco: aromatic grapes min 60%

Varietals on list: cococciola, malvasia, montonico, passerina, pecorino (also superiore)

Spumante Bianco

Spumante Rose: montepulciano, pinot nero

Rosso: Montepulciano min 80%

Cerasuolo d'Abruzzo DOC
Controguerra DOC

Front 241

Characterize the climate, soil, and wine aspects of Lazio

Back 241

lots of DOCs (27) and DOCGs (3) but few exported

55% Hill with 70% of vineyards planted there

70% white grapes (almost all blend of Trebbiano and Malvasia and their clones)

Volcanic soil (tufo) = fertile, porous, drained

Front 242

Give some detail about the Viterbo Province

Back 242

Lazio

Limestone, Vulcanic sediment

DOC: Est! Est! Est!, Coli Etrucshi Viterbesi, Aleatico di Gradoli

Grapes: Trebbiano, Malvasia, Greco, Sangiovese, Canaiolo, Montepulciano, Aleatico

Front 243

Give some detail about the Castelli Romani (Roma) Province

Back 243

Vulcanic soil rich in Potassium and Phosphorous

Lakes mitigate climate

DOCG:
Cannellino di Frascati
Frascati Superiore

DOC: Castelli Romani, Frascati, Colli Albani

Grapes: Trebbiano, Malvasia, Sangiovese, Nero Buono, Montepulciano

Front 244

Give some detail about the Cesanese (inland) Province

Back 244

Limestone, Clay, +altitude

DOCG:
Cesanese del Piglio

DOC: Ceasnese del Affile, Cesanese di Olevano Romano

Grape: Cesanese

Front 245

What are the main white grapes of Lazio?

Red grapes?

Back 245

70% White: Trebbiano Giallo (Rossetto), Trebbiano del Lazio, Trebbiano Toscano (Procanico), Malvasia del Lazio (Puninata), Malvasia bianca di Candia, Greco Bianco, Bellone, Cacchione, Bombino Bianco

Cesanese, Ciliegiolo, Montepulciano, Merlot, Cab Sauv, Syrah, Nero Buono, Aleatico

Front 246

Give some more detail about Trebbiano

Back 246

Many clones present (Giallo, Toscano, del Lazio)

Light, crispy wines

DOC
Frascati, Catelli Romani, Est! Est! Est!

Front 247

Give some more detail about Frascati

Back 247

min 70% Malvasia Bianca del Candia / del Lazio, max 30% Trebbiano Toscano/Giallo, 15% other

light, crisp, zesty

Frascati Superiore DOCG

Cannellino di Frascati DOCG

Frascati DOC
(can be spumante)

Front 248

Give some more detail about Castelli Romani DOC

Back 248

Lazio

White: MALVASIA, Trebbiano
(Bianco, Secco, Amabile, Frizzante)

Red: Sangiovese, Montepulciano, Cesanese, Nero Buono
(Rosso, Secco, Amabile, Frizzante)

Front 249

Give some more detail about the sweet wines of Lazio

Back 249

Aleatico di Gradoli DOC
95% Aleatico
Red (like port)
Liquoroso (6 mo aging)
Riserva (24 mo aging)
Passito

Moscato di Terracina DOC
85% min Moscato di Terracina
(Secco, Amabile, Passito, Spumante)