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262 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do trimmer studs extend between? |
Sole plate to the underside of the lintle |
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What does the inside of the trimmer face of the opening represent? |
The rough opening width or the clear span |
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What is the purpose of the trimmer stud? |
Nailed to a regular stud as a unit they transfer the load from the lintle to the floor system below. |
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What is the minimum end bearing for a lintle? |
38mm |
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For the inspector to verify the proper size and amount of nails required for lintles what is the proper practice? |
Install the lintle with the nails visible from the inside of the building. |
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How far can a wall plate overhang the floor system? |
No more than 1/3rd the wall plate width. |
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What is the span of a lintle? |
The distance from the inside face of one trimmer to the inside face of the other. |
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What 4 points must be considered when designing a lintle? |
1) Size of material used 2) Species and grade of material 3) Loads the lintle will have to support 4) Whether the sheathing is structural or non-structural |
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How is the length of the rough sill defined? |
The distance between the trimmers or the same as the rough opening width. |
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If I am using 400mm o.c. (16") what is my first layout if the exterior wall I am laying butts into the first 89mm (31/2") exterior wall and has the plywood overhang its end? |
Subtract the thickness of the wall it butts into and 1/2 the thickness of the framing member. 292mm (11 3/4") Then continue at 400mm (16") o.c.
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What size and how many nails must be used to end nail studs to a wall plate? |
2 @ 82mm (3 1/4") nails |
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What must be done to an exterior wall prior to sheathing it? |
Ensure it is square by tacking it straight at one end along a chalk line then measure both diagonal measurements are equal. Then tack the other end to keep it from moving |
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Cap plates must stagger walls by how many o.c. spacings? |
At least on o.c. spacing |
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How much gap must be left between sheathing sheets on exterior walls? |
2mm gaps for expansion |
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What should be added to the size of interior swing doors for its rough opening? |
50 - 63mm (2-2 1/2") for both width and height. |
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What should be added to the size of an interior bi-fold doors for its rough opening if a half jamb is required? |
Width: door width + 2 drywall thickness's + 6mm Height: Door width + 1 Drywall thickness + 19mm Refer to labeled size of door not actual size as hardware is factored in for measurment |
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What should be added to the size of a pocket door for its rough opening?
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Width: 2 x Door width + 25mm Height: Door height + 100mm |
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What must be done for supporting non loadbearing walls that are parallel to floor joists? |
Must be placed on a joist or be supported by at least 2 x 4 blocking spaced no more than 1200mm o.c. 4' |
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Load bearing walls that run 90 degrees to the joists must be within what distance from the beam or lower support wall? |
900mm (3') if only supporting a ceiling 600mm (2') if supporting floor loads as well |
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Prior to installing interior walls what must be placed between interior and exterior walls? |
A 400mm poly vapour barrier must be stapled to the exterior wall where ever a partition intersects |
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What must be placed on the sub floor prior to exterior walls being erected and nailed down. |
A bead of sealant caulking or sill gasket |
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When nailing partitions to the sub floor what is the procedure to ensure the walls are straight and fastened properly? |
Align the sole plate to the chalk line and nail the plate to the floor joists or blocking max 600mm apart |
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Once all walls have been braced, when can bracing be removed? |
Once the roof has been placed and sheathed |
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How much material must be left when notching a stud for loadbearing and non load bearing walls? |
Load bearing cannot be more than 1/3rd Non Load Bearing must have at least 40mm remaining |
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Girths, girts or fire stops should be used when? |
Any walls that are over 10 feet in length that have breaks |
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If only a single top plate is used in wall framing, where should floor joists or rafters be placed? |
They should be directly over the stud or within 50mm from the edge of the wall stud |
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What is the max moisture content allowed in framing material? |
19% MAX |
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What direction is the greatest amount of shrinkage occur? |
The width (across the grain) |
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If there is no sheathing used on a load bearing wall, what must be done to provide support for the walls? |
A min 1 x 4 (18 x 89) notched or let into the studs extending from the top of the wall to the bottom at a 45 degree angle |
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What are 6 characteristics/purposes of a window? |
1) allow natural light into the living space 2) provide protection from the weather 3) allow ventilation 4) emergency exit 5) be as maintenance free as possible 6) compliment the style of the house |
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What is the difference between a bay and bow window?
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A bay window has 2 small and 1 large portion A bow window is the shape of an arc with equal size portions |
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What style of window has a curb? |
A skylight |
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What are the minimum dimensions for an exterior bedroom window? |
must have a min unobstructed opening not less than .35m with no dimension less than 380mm |
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What is the clearance required for a window that opens into a window well? |
760mm from the edge of the open window to the well |
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Why should you not paint an exterior steel insulated door a dark colour? |
The heat absorbed by the sun could warp and de-laminate the door |
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What type of jamb will an exterior door have? |
A rabbeted style jamb |
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Where is a transom located? |
Above a door |
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When ordering a door what do the first and second measurement refer to? |
First measurement refers to width and second to height usually in feet and inches |
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What is the code minimum door size for a main and secondary entrances?
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2'8" x 6'6" 810 x 1980 |
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What is the code minimum door size for a first bathroom? |
2'6"x6'6" 760 x 1980 2'0"x6'6" 610 x 1980 for secondary and no code min for ensuite |
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What is the code minimum door size for a bedroom or other rooms? |
2'6"x6'6" 760x1980 |
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What is the code minimum door size for basement and utility rooms? |
2'8"x6'6" 810x1980 |
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What is the code min door size for walk in closets? |
2'0"x6'6" 610x1980
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How is the swing of a door determined? |
What size the hinges are on when you are facing the door to enter the room. |
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Can you place a door that swings into a stairwell? |
Yes provided there is a landing that extends past the width of the door |
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Can a fire rated door label be painted over? |
No. If it is it can no longer be classified as a fire rated door |
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How are hinge sizes are determined? |
By the height and width of the hinge, in that order |
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What type of hinge is required if the knuckle is located on the outside of the door? |
An NRP (non removable pin) The pin is locked by a set screw or small rod that is only accessible if the door is open |
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What type of hinge is required between a attached garage and the house? |
A self closing hinge |
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What is a back set referring to on a latch set? |
The distance from the cylinder center to the outside of the latch bolt plate |
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What hardware should be used to keep an inactive door secure in a double door system? |
Flush bolts, chain bolts and foot bolts are used to secure one door closed |
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How far should deadbolts be located above the latch set? |
6" o.c. above the latch set |
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What preparation should be done prior to installing doors? |
Check the plans to ensure the door matches the size verify the rough openings will fit with proper clearance ensure sheathing is trimmed flush and base plates are removed tack moisture barrier around opening |
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How should shims be placed when installing doors?
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Should be placed at the hinges and similar on opposite side with the bevels on opposite sides of each other. |
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Why is there clearance at the bottom of interior doors? |
To allow for air movement in rooms with no cold air return |
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How far lower do you set the hinges on the jamb side than on the door? |
3mm to allow for clearance for the door |
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How should a door with a slight bow be installed? |
Install with the concave toward the door stops this results with the door being pushed straight when closed |
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Where should shims be placed to increase the clearance between the jamb and the hinge side of the door? |
On the outside of the doorside below the hinge closest to the hinge pin to push out the door |
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Where should shims be placed to decrease the clearance between the jamb and the hinge side of the door? |
Beneath the hinge away from the hinge pin side to move the door away from the strike plate side |
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What are the 5 general types of residential roofs? |
1) Flat roof 2) Shed roof 3) Gable roof 4) Hip roof 5) Intersecting roof |
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How far inside the building wall should the lookouts project? |
At least as far on the inside as on the outside |
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When using lookouts on a flat roof system, what should be done to the last roof joist? |
Should be doubled |
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What is the span of a rafter on a shed roof? |
From the inside of one wall to the outside of the other. Birdsmouth to birdsmouth |
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What is a gable roof? |
Gable roof has 2 sloped roof with rafters that run 90 degrees to the ridge |
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What is a Hip roof? |
Hip roofs have 4 sloping surfaces that require 4 hip rafters that run at 45 degrees to the ridge |
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What is an intersecting roof? |
An intersecting roof has 2 distinct roofs that join at 90 degrees to each other that create a valley |
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What type of roof has 8 sloping surfaces that requires 8 hip rafters to create? |
A Mansard |
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What type of roof has 2 sets of common rafters per side? |
Gambrel (Barn Roof) |
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What are the names of the framing members used in flat roof construction?
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Roof Joists similar to floor joists but able to support the roof plus the ceiling weight |
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What is the vertical direction of a roof called? |
Rise all cuts will be a plumb cut on the unit rise |
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What is the horizontal direction called? |
Run all cuts will be seat cuts on the unit run |
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What are 2 styles of gable rafters? |
Notched and dropped gable rafters |
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The theoretical measuring line is an imaginary line that runs along what 3 locations? |
Working point on the fascia through the working point on the birdsmouth parallel to the edge of the rafter to the working point on the ridge |
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A birdsmouth is accomplished by making what 2 cuts? |
A plumb cut and a seat cut |
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What is the minimum bearing of a birdsmouth? |
38mm |
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What is the rafter span? |
The distance between the outside face of the wall to the other outside face of the wall. Birdsmouth to birdsmouth |
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What is the rafter run? |
A horizontal distance that runs from the outside edge of the wall to the center of the ridge |
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What is the rafter rise? |
The vertical distance that runs from the cap plate to the working point at the ridge |
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What are 2 types of cornices? |
Open and closed |
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What is the difference between the total common rafter line length and the common rafter line length? |
The total common line length includes the length of the tail at the overhang |
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The 3 working points used to layout a common rafter represent what location on a roof? |
The outside edge of the fascia the top corner of the birdsmouth (outside edge of the top plate The center point of the ridge board |
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How much must the common rafter be shortened to allow for the ridge board? |
1/2 the thickness of the ridge board perpendicular to the plumb cut |
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How much must the rafter be shortened to allow for the fascia board?
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The full thickness of the fascia board |
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How should shortenings be measured on the rafter? |
perpendicular to the plumb cut or working point
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What is the Wood above plate refer to and how much wood should be left? |
Wood above plate WAP means the amount of material remaining above the birdsmouth and measured vertically along the plumb cut General rule is 2/3rds left 1/3rd cut out |
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How thick must a ridge be for the common rafters to be offset by their own thickness at the ridge? |
3/4 inch 19mm |
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Where should joint on a ridge occur? |
On a rafter |
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What is the formula for figuring out the gable stud difference? |
Unit rise/unit run = common difference/o.c. spacing of gable studs |
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Why are gable studs shortened 10mm 3/8" at the top of its layout? |
To allow for expansion so the stud wont interfere with the sheathing. |
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When laying out gable studs, you will use the same rise and run as what? |
the common rafter |
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the first common rafter on each end should be laid out to which ever is greater, the o.c.spacing or what? |
The length of the overhang |
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If a single cap plate is used for wall construction, where must rafters be placed? |
Within 50mm over the wall stud. |
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What is the total length of the ridge on a gable roof? |
The length of the building plus 2 overhangs |
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What is the best method for straightening fascia? |
String and spacer blocks |
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When designing a roof what factors must be taken into consideration? |
1) Size of material used 2) Species and grade of material 3) o.c. spacing 4) Specified snow load for area |
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If the span of a rafter falls between the numbers on a chart what should you do? |
Use the size with the larger span |
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What 3 types of supports may be used to help reduce the size of the span of a common rafter? |
Collar ties Dwarf walls Struts |
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Where are collar ties usually located? |
usually placed in the upper 3rd of the total rise of the roof |
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Why do collar ties need to be shortened? |
to allow for expansion. some shrinkage so they will not interfere with the sheathing |
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How should struts be placed in a rafter?
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No less than 45 degrees from horizontal and must be a min 38x89 2x4 |
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If dwarf walls (knee walls) are used, what must be done to the ceiling joist? |
Must be increased by a min 25mm or rule of thumb increase the joist 1 dimensional size |
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What is the dimensional requirements for a hip or valley rafter compared to a common rafter? |
Hip and Valley rafters must be 50mm 2" greater than common rafters and no less than 38mm 1.5" thick |
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What degrees are circular saws set for hip and valley rafters? |
0 and 45 |
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What is the name of the rafter that supports the ridge at each end on a hip roof? |
Pin Rafter or End Common Rafter |
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The theoretical length of a ridge for a hip roof is calculated how? |
Length of the building - width of the building |
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The actual cutting length of a ridge on a hip roof is calculated how? |
Theoretical length + 1 common rafter thickness |
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If a common rafter rise:run is set at 175:300 what would it the square be set at for a hip or valley rafter? |
175:424 Rise does not change |
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How are pin rafters shortened?
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Half the thickness of the common rafter at the top and the full thickness of the fascia at the bottom
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Pin rafters on a layout are classified as? 0 or 1 |
0 the 1,2,3 etc. run away from the middle equally on o.c.spacing |
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What type of cuts should be at the top and bottom of a hip rafter? |
Double cheek cuts |
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What are 2 methods of laying out the birdsmouth on a hip rafter? |
Square plumb cut or double cheek cut at plumb cut |
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What are the shortenings on a jack rafter? |
Jack rafters are shortened half the diagonal thickness of the hip rafter at the top and the full fascia thickness at the bottom |
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Jack rafters have what type of cut at the top? |
Single cheek cut |
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Jack rafters have what type of cut at the bottom?
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Square plumb cut |
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The rise:run for a jack rafter is the same as what kind of rafter? |
Common rafter |
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How do you calculate the common difference for jack rafter length? |
On center spacing x 90 degree slope gain factor or the common rafter S.G.F. |
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Define an equal span roof. |
An intersecting roof where the major and minor roofs are the same width the ridges will intersect at the same rise |
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Define an unequal span roof. |
major and minor roofs do not have the same width and thus the ridges will not intersect
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What are the similarities of the supporting valley rafter and a hip rafter? |
Both have the same rise and run, they run parallel to each other and have the same line length and slope gain factor |
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What must never be done to a valley rafter that is done to a hip rafter? |
You would never drop it and only back the top portion on the side of and above the supported valley rafter |
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How are supporting valley rafters shortened? |
Half the diagonal thickness or the ridge board at the top and the full diagonal thickness of the fascia at the bottom
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What kind of cut would you make at the top of a supporting valley rafter?
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Single cheek cut |
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What kind of cut would you make at the bottom of a supporting valley rafter? |
single or double cheek cut |
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How are supported valley rafters shortened? |
Half the thickness of the supporting valley rafter at the top and the full diagonal thickness of the fascia at the bottom |
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What kind of cut would you make at the top of a supported valley rafter? |
Square plumb cut |
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What kind of cut would you make at the bottom of a supported valley rafter?
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Single or double cheek cut |
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What is meant by the word jack in jack rafter? |
The word jack indicates a shortened rafter that contacts the ridge or cap and ends at a 45 degree rafter |
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What is meant by the word cripple in cripple rafter?
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The word cripple indicates a shortening that contacts neither ridge nor cap and runs between 2 45 degree rafters |
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How is the length of a valley cripple jack determined? |
2 x distance between the valley cripple jack the intersection of the supported and supporting valley rafters x 90 degree S.G.F. |
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How are valley cripple jacks shortened? |
half the diagonal thickness of the supporting valley rafter at the top and half the diagonal thickness of the supported valley at the bottom |
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Valley cripple jacks will have what type of cuts the top? |
Single cheek cut |
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Valley cripple jacks will have what type of cuts the bottom?
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Single cheek cut opposite to the top cut |
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The run of a hip valley cripple jack is equal to? |
Equal to the offset of the minor roof |
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How are hip valley cripple jacks shortened? |
Half the diagonal thickness of the hip rafter at the top and half the diagonal thickness of the supporting valley rafter at the bottom
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Hip valley cripple jacks will have what type of cuts the top?
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Single cheek cut |
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Hip valley cripple jacks will have what type of cuts the bottom?
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Single cheek cut parallel to the top |
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For a minor roof that has a gable end, how do you calculate the length of that ridge? |
Half the span of the minor roof + the minor building projection + the soffit overhang |
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What type of cuts should be made on the minor ridge at the intersection of the supporting and supported valley rafters? |
Double cheek cut shortened the diagonal thickness of the supporting valley rafter |
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Can you use a hammer to install or replace truss plate connectors (gang nails)? |
No, they must be installed with a press or roller capable of 1000 psi |
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Where must load bearing walls be placed for an engineered truss system? |
The exterior walls. Engineered trussed are designed to not require interior load bearing walls. |
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What is required when installing scissor trusses? |
Special hangers that allow for horizontal movement but restrict vertical movement. |
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What is the purpose of raised heel trusses? |
To allow for greater insulation depth at the wall |
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What truss is designed to carry heavier loads, be comprised of 2 or more trusses laminated together and allow the direction of the roof to change? |
Girder truss |
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In a truss system how are loads transferred to the exterior walls? |
Through the webs and chord to the exterior walls |
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What is a dead load? |
A dead load is any load on the roof that is permanent and does not move or change. shingles sheathing air conditioning unit |
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What is a live load?
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Any type of non permanent load. Snow, piles of building material during construction |
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What is point load? |
A concentration of loading in one area of a roof. Can be dead such as an air conditioning unit or live such as a stack of shingles prior to installation |
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What members would lateral support be installed on roof trusses? |
Compression webs to decrease the span of the web member |
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How many nails must be used on hangers that support roof trusses? |
For maximum nailing all face nailing holes must be used For minimum nailing hanger must be bent over the header a min 63mm 2 1/2" and 4 face nails and 4 top nails |
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What is the maximum bearing gap rule? |
Each truss has only a 12.5mm 1/2" gap between the bearing surface (top of wall) and the webbing on the truss. Failure to do this can result in horizontal sheer and truss failure |
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What is the maximum o.c. distance between lateral bracing? |
An on center spacing of no more than 3m (10') |
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If H-clips or horizontal blocking are used for roof sheathing with trusses spaced 600 o.c. what is the minimum thickness of the sheathing allowed? |
9.5mm (3/8") plywood or OSB If no H-clips or blocking then min 12.5mm (1/2") |
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What is the nailing pattern for roof sheathing? |
Every 150mm on the edges and 300mm in center |
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A low slope roof is considered anything less than what? |
1:4 - 1:50 |
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1 bundle of shingles general covers how much roof area? |
3m squared |
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For a rolled roof with concealed edges, how would you ensure a proper seal? |
End laps must be min 150mm 4" and the top lap must be 75mm and all laps must be cemented |
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If you plan on using clay tile or slate roofing what must you consider when designing the roof |
Structurally must be sound to bear extra weight |
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What is one characteristic of a copper roof? |
Very expensive but the copper oxidizes and turns a blue/green colour. |
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What is the process for built up roofs? |
Several layers of hot application asphalt bitumen and alternate plies of asphalt saturated roofing felt followed by a flood coat of bitumen and a layer of light coloured gravel. |
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What must be installed around the perimeter of a built up flat roof and why? |
45 degree angle cant strips to reduce the sharp angles that weaken the membrane |
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What are the 3 ways to shingle a valley? |
1) Open - flashing exposed and min 600mm wide sheet metal or 2 layers of roll roofing 2) Closed - same flashing as open but shingles from one side run up min 300mm under the angle cut shingles from the other 3) Woven - same flashing but neither side is cut but lap under each side alternately |
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When nailing shingles at the valley how far must the nails be from the centreline? |
No nails within 150mm from the centreline. |
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All fasteners for roof applications must be what type of material? |
Weather resilient material, galvanized |
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How far must sheathing membrane and wall finish overlap the the flashing? |
75mm 3" |
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How far must step flashing lap and project in both directions? |
Step flashing must project a minimum 75mm 3" up under the sheathing membrane and extend away from the wall a minimum 75mm 3" and with a head lap of 75mm 3" |
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Counter flashing must be embedded into the mortar joint a minimum of how much at the top? How far should it extend? How much head lap? |
Min 25mm 1" Extend a min 150mm 6" Lap 100mm 4" |
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What must be installed on the top side of a chimney that is 750mm 30" or greater?
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A saddle or cricket with counter flashing |
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If a chimney is less than 750mm wide what must be installed at the top edge of the chimney? |
Counter flashing and base flashing |
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How far should eave protection extend up the roof slope? |
min 900mm from the fascia to a line not less than 300mm 12" from the inner face of the exterior wall |
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Plumbing stacks require how large of a flashing? |
500mm x 500mm 20"x20" |
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When installing starter strip for shingles, what must be done to the starter and what is the minimum measurement it must extend past the roof edge? |
Should be inverted with tabs toward the peak with asphalt up and over hang 12mm 1/2" |
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How far should wood shingles extend past the roofs edge? |
25 - 40mm overhang |
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Butt edges of wood shingles and shakes offset and spaced how far? |
A min of 40 mm from the joints and should be spaced 6mm min apart |
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How wide a breather underlayment should be interlayed between each course of wood shingles? |
450mm or 18" |
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How should building paper be installed on a house exterior? |
Rows of paper should be installed horizontally starting at the bottom with paper being overlapped by 100mm 4" on all joints |
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What is the purpose of wall sheathing membrane? |
Applied to the exterior of the house to protect the sheathing framing and insulation from wind driven rain and snow. Must be breathable to allow any moisture trapped inside to escape |
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When wall flashing is used above openings, how far must it extend vertically behind the membrane? |
Minimum 50mm 2" |
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Cladding that is adversely affected by moisture must be kept how high above finished grade and roof finishes? |
NBC states that cladding must be kept 200mm 8" above finished grade and 50mm 2" above roof finish |
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What type of nails are required for installing siding and how long should they be? |
Aluminum, galvanized or stainless steel with a large head 3mm thick and long enough to penetrate the sheathing. |
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When nailing siding to the wall how should they be nailed? |
siding should be left loose 1mm from the wall surface to allow for expansion and spaced 200-300mm apart |
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How much overlap must wood siding have? |
25mm by code |
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What are 3 methods of finishing corners of wood siding?
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1) Corner post 2) Metal caps 3) Mitred |
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How far below the top of the foundation should the first course of siding be installed? |
25mm 1" below |
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What types of nails be used for wood siding? |
corrosion resistant galvanized steel with oval head and should penetrate a min 25mm 1" into the framing member |
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What type of joint should be used where wood siding butts into each other? |
Scarf joints to make gap less visible |
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Stucco lath must be _______ square grid mesh and must be ________ staggered an on framing members
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50mm 2" and 50mm 2" |
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how should stucco mesh be nailed to the wall? |
Nailing must be at least 150mm 6" on center for 400mm stud spacing and 100mm 4" for 600mm stud spacing
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How many coats are needed for cement stucco? |
3 coats Scratch coat brown coat and finish coat |
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How far above finished grade should cement stucco be? |
200mm 8" same as wood siding
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What temperature and time should stucco be maintained after each coat is applied? |
10 degrees C for 48 hours |
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What must be done to a footing when a foundation supports brick veneer? |
The footing needs to be increased by 65mm 2.5" for each story of brick facing |
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How far can a brick veneer extend beyond its support? |
up to 1/3rd the thickness of the brick |
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How far must flashing for brick veneer extend up behind the sheathing membrane? |
150mm 6"
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How much air space must be provided behind brick veneer and what is its purpose? |
25mm 1" to allow or drainage and ventilation |
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What is the requirement for weep holes in brick veneer? |
every 800mm (32") mortar must be omitted from a vertical joint |
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What supports the brick veneer from falling away from the wall sections? |
Corrosion resistant tied nailed to the framing and embedded into the mortar joint |
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Is it OK to have a shorter rise anywhere in a flight of stairs? |
No all rises must be consistent throughout to a maximum difference of 5mm per rise and no more than 10mm for the total rise |
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What is the code minimum for the width of at least 1 set of stairs? |
860mm between wall faces |
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What is the minimum effective depth for a notched stringer? |
90mm 3.5" |
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What is the minimum overall depth of stock that can be used on a notched stringer? |
38x235 2x10 |
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What is the maximum on center spacing for stringers on a open riser stair? |
900mm |
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Stringers must be a minimum _________thick when they are supported and _________thick when they are unsupported. |
25mm? 38mm |
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The maximum o.c. spacing for stringers on a closed riser is? |
1200mm |
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What are the minimum and maximum unit rise for a residential stair? |
125mm min 200 max |
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What are the minimum and maximum unit run for a residential stair?
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210mm min 355mm max |
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What are the minimum and maximum tread width for a residential stair?
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235mm min 355mm max |
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What is the maximum vertical height that a set of stairs can go up before you must have a landing? |
3700mm |
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What is the min thickness of a tread if the stringers are less than 750mm apart? |
25 mm closed riser |
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What is the min thickness of a tread if the stringers are greater than 750mm apart or an open riser?
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38mm |
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How big do landings have to be? |
At least as wide and long as the stairs that they are attached to however they do not have to be longer than 1100mm regardless of width. |
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How wide do stairs have to be to require 2 handrails? |
1100mm or greater
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Where a door swings into a stairway what is required? |
A landing that projects at least the swing distance of the door |
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Hand rails on stairs must be how high from the line of flight? |
865mm-965mm |
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On a 860mm stairway how far can a rail project into the stairway? |
100mm with a min 50mm clearance between the rail and the wall |
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Guard rails must be provided for any floor area higher than 600mm 2', how high must they be for both a residential and public? |
900mm res and 1070 pub. |
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How high must a guard rail be on a line of flight? |
900mm |
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How do you know that baluster spacing is to code? |
a 100 mm diameter sphere cannot pass through its widest point |
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What is the minimum head room allowed for residential and public? |
1950 res and 2050 pub |
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What is the minimum number and size of nails required to attach a ceiling joist to exterior walls beams and load bearing walls? |
2 82mm toenailed into cap plate |
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In what direction do ceiling joists typically run?
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The same direction as the roof rafters |
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How much of a ceiling joist must be shortened along the roof slope to allow for rafter shrinkage? |
10mm |
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What are stub joists? |
Stub joist run perpendicular to the ceiling joists to the outside wall to ensure that hip rafters and ceiling joists do not interfere with each other. |
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What is the minimum end bearing of a ceiling joist? |
38mm |
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What is the purpose of having rafters that sit on top of a plate fastened to the top of square end ceiling joists? |
To create more space for insulation on top of the exterior wall |
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What are the minimum dimensions for and attic access? |
.32m squared with no dimension less than 500mm 20" |
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What must be done to a joist when an opening is wider than 2 joist spaces? |
Double the joist |
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If a ceiling joist supports a roof load how much must the ceiling joist be increased? |
25mm min rule of thumb is on dimensional size |
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What does the maximum span for ceiling joists depend on? |
Species and grade of wood. on center spacing thickness of wood |
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What is conduction? |
The transfer of heat through a solid material |
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What is the best way to reduce wall conduction in a framed wall?
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Add sheets of rigid insulation
place studs farther apart |
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What is convection? |
Heat transfer caused by moving air |
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To prevent heat loss through convection what must be done to electrical boxes that are in exterior walls and ceilings? |
Surround with polypans and moisture proof tape sealed to the vapour barrier |
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What is RSI value and how is it used? |
All insulation materials are measured in terms of their thermal resistance to heat transfer, This resistance is designated as r value. The higher the r value the the greater the resistance |
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To ensure proper air movement in an attic space and stop any loose fill insulation from plugging the soffit vent. What should be installed at rafter ends? |
insulation stops |
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Attic ventilation should be how much of the ceiling area? |
1/300th With 25% min venting through soffit and 25 % min through roof vents. |
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What insulating material has the highest r value per inch? |
Polyurethane foam |
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What side of exterior walls must the vapour barrier be? |
The warm side |
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When insulating a double wall system. What side should the vapour barrier be placed? |
Should be on the outside of the interior wall. |
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How often should the air be exchanged in a building? |
Every 3 hours. |
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What is the min nailing requirement for a trimmer attached to a stud? |
1 76mm 3" nail every 750mm |
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How would you shorten a gable stud to fit under a common rafter? |
Subtract the length of the birdsmouth plumb cut from the theoretical length and cut at an angle |
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Why is it important to follow the manufacturers drawings when installing trusses? |
All the webs are designed to resist different tension and compression forces so placing the wrong truss in the wrong place could lead to catastrophic failure of the truss. |
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Why are trusses designed with a slight raised arc on the bottom cord? |
So the bottom cord will lie flat when all the dead loads are applied. |
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What is the rule of thumb for truss tolerances for vertical plumb? |
Truss Depth/100 eg. if you have a 2000mm high truss you may not be out by more than 20mm top to bottom max. |
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What is the max tolerance for a bow in a truss? |
16'-32' is 1/2" bow < 32' is 1" max |
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For web members in a truss, which members are generally in compression and which are in tension? |
Members that start at the top and either go straight down or angle from top cord toward the wall are tension. Members that start from the bottom cord and extend up toward the wall are in compression. |
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Where should nails be set on asphalt shingles? |
25-38mm 1"- 1.5" from the edge and min 12mm 1/2" above the cutout for the tab 300mm 12" on center |
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Where should nails be place for most ceder beveled siding? |
Nailed min 25mm into the framing with oval head nails to shed water just above the lower course of siding but not through it. |
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What is the difference between the min lap of horizontal wood siding and fibre cement siding? |
wood siding is a min 25mm lap and fibre cement is min 32mm. follow manufacturers instructions. |
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What must be added to install vertical wood siding that you would not need for horizontal siding? |
Strapping or blocking between studs |
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What is the difference between muntins and mullions? |
Muntins are small separations between the panes of glass sometimes fake Mullions are a large vertical member separating two casements; the vertical bar between coupled windows or mulitple windows; the central vertical member of a double-door opening |
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A fall arrest system should not allow a fall of more than? |
1.8m (6') |
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What is the minimum nailing requirement for toe nailing a rafter to a ridge board? |
3@ 82mm (3.25") toe nailed or end nailed |
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What is the minimum nailing requirement for toe nailing a ceiling joist to a plate? |
2@ 82mm |
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What is the minimum nailing requirement for a stud to a wall plate?
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2@ 82mm end nail 4@ 63mm toe nail |
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What is the minimum nailing requirement for a cap plate to top plate?
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76mm @ 600mm o.c.
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What is the minimum nailing requirement for interior walls to subfloor of framing?
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82mm @ 600 o.c. |
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What is the minimum nailing requirement for lintles to stud?
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2@ 82mm at each end |
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What are some areas that backing or blocking may be required? |
Wall mounted sinks, tubs, towel bars, grab bars, stair rails, kitchen cabinets, drywall corners |
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When would you double a joist in a ceiling opening? |
When the opening is 2 o.c. spacings or greater.
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How should the ridge be supported along the ridge for a roof slope less than 1:3? |
With at least a 38x89mm post at max 1200mm o.c. |
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What are some risks to installing Fascia from above? |
Very awkward requires 2 people and risk of pointing nailer toward you. |
