Myers Psychology Chapter 4

Front 1

developmental psychology

Back 1

studies physical, cognitive, social change throughout lifespan

Front 2

zygote

Back 2

fertilized egg, 2-week period of rapid cell division into embryo

Front 3

embryo

Back 3

developing human organism 2 weeks to second month

Front 4

fetus

Back 4

developing human organism 9 weeks to birth

Front 5

teratogens

Back 5

agents, like chemicals and viruses, that can reach embryo or fetus and cause harm

Front 6

fetal alcohol syndrome

Back 6

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking, like noticeable face misproportions

Front 7

rooting reflex

Back 7

baby's tendency when touched on cheek to turn toward the touch

Front 8

habituation

Back 8

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

Front 9

maturation

Back 9

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

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schema

Back 10

concept of framework that organizes and interprets information

Front 11

autism

Back 11

disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind

Front 12

concrete operational stage

Back 12

Piaget's theory- stage of cognitive development (7-11 years) during which children gain mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Front 13

formal operational stage

Back 13

Piaget's theory- stage of cognition (12 years) during which people think logically about abstract concepts

Front 14

stranger anxiety

Back 14

fear of strangers that infants commonly display at about 8 months

Front 15

attachment

Back 15

emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by seeking closeness to caregiver and showing distress upon separation

Front 16

critical period

Back 16

optimal period shortly after birth where exposure to certain stimuli produce proper development

Front 17

imprinting

Back 17

process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

Front 18

basic trust

Back 18

Erik Erikson- sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy, formed during infancy due to caregiver's responses

Front 19

self-concept

Back 19

sense of one's identity and personal worth

Front 20

adolescence

Back 20

transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

Front 21

puberty

Back 21

period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

Front 22

primary sex characteristics

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body structures for reproduction

Front 23

secondary sex characteristics

Back 23

physical nonreproduction characteristics specific to one gender, like facial hair for males

Front 24

identity

Back 24

Erikson- one's sense of self; adolescent's task is to solidify it by testing and integrating various roles

Front 25

intimacy

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Erikson- ability to form close, loving relationships (adolescence, early adulthood)

Front 26

Alzheimer's disease

Back 26

progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory reasoning, language, and physical function

Front 27

cross-sectional study

Back 27

study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

Front 28

longitudinal study

Back 28

research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period

Front 29

crystallized intelligence

Back 29

one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, increases with age

Front 30

fluid intelligence

Back 30

one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly, decreases with age