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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Candida spp. |
Opportunistic yeast Causes: mycosis (cutaneous, mucocutaneous) Habitat: environment, normal flora Characteristics: -Protease, phospholipase -Dimorphic -pseudohyphae, blastoconidia |
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Candida albicans |
Opportunistic yeast Causes: Thrush, urinary tract infection Characteristics: -most pathogenic & abundant -cycloheximide resistant -pseudohyphae, hyphae, blastoconidia, terminal chlamydoconidia, germ tube -green on chromagar |
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Candida glabrata |
Opportunistic yeast -resistant to azoles -small blastoconidia only -mauve-brown on chromagar |
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Candida krusei |
Opportunistic yeast -resistant to azole -pink and fuzzy on chromagar |
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Candida lustitaniae |
Opportunistic yeast
-resistant to amphotercin |
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Candida tropicalis |
Opportunistic yeast -metallic blue on chromagar |
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Rhodotorula sp. |
Opportunistic yeast Causes: mycosis Habitat: Environment & dairy products Characteristics: -red, pink, orange, yellow -produces urease -rudimentary pseudohyphae, elongate blastoconidia that may be encapsulated |
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Cryptococcus neoformans |
Opportunistic yeast
Causes: meningitis Habitat: bird droppings (var. neoformans), eucalyptus tree (var. gatti) Characteristics: -encapsulated yeast -phenol oxidase (melanin) --> brown on bird seed agar -phospholipase, urease, inoisitol utilization -cycloheximide resistant -blastoconidia, rudimentary pseudohyphae |
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Malassezia furfur |
Superficial mycoses Causes: Pityriasis (Tinea) versicolor (chronic skin infection) Macro feature: lipophilic Characteristics: -hypo/hyper pigmented lesions -itchy, scaly -"spaghetti and meatballs" - hyaline hyphae, budding yeast |
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Hortae (Exophalia) werneckii |
Superficial mycoses Causes: Tinea nigra (chronic skin infection) Macro feature: black in SABHI, brown Characteristics: -black spot with distinct border -septate hyphae & yeast cells -conidia with distinct division |
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Trichosporon beigelii |
Superficial mycoses Causes: White piedra (hair shaft infection) Macro feature: white to tan nodules on hair shaft Characteristics: -Mycelia grow inward and penetrate hair cuticle -septate hyphae, arthroconidia, blastoconidia |
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Piedraia hortae |
Superficial mycoses Causes: Black piedra (hair shaft infection) Macro feature: black nodules on hair shaft; dark green to black; velvety Characteristics: -dark, thick walled -septate hyphae with chlamydoconidia -ascospores |
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Microsporum sp. (Microsporum canis) |
Cutaneous mycoses (Dermatophyte)
Causes: Dermatophytosis (ring worm) Infects: Hair, skin Macroconidium: Septated, fusiform (spindle shaped) Microconidia: Yes
M. audouinii - few macrospores |
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Trichophyton sp. |
Cutaneous mycoses (Dermatophyte) Causes: Dermatophytosis (ring worm), athlete's foot Infects: Hair, skin, nails Macrocondium: Cylindrical, fusiform, clavate; septated Microconidia: Yes; singular or clustered |
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Trichophyton mentagrophytes |
Cutaneous mycoses (Dermatophyte) -ectothrix -cigar shaped macroconidia -wedges in hair perforation test -urease |
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Trichophyton rubrum |
Cutaneous mycoses (Dermatophyte) -endothrix -cigar shaped macroconidia -sucrose assimilation -red on CMA |
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Sporothrix schenkii |
Subcutaneous mycoses
Causes: Sporotrichosis (infects cut., subcut., lymphatic tissues) "Rose picker's disease"
-dimorphic -"cigar/asteroid bodies" yeast cells -flower like spores |
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Fonsecaea pedrosoi |
Subcutaneous mycoses/Phaeohyphomycetes/Saprophytic Septate Fungi
Causes: chromoblastomycosis (post traumatic chronic skin infection)
-dematiaceous (olivaceous to black) -septate hyphae -papules - verrucous (warty) lesions on lower extremities -single or chains of branched conidia -slow growing |
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Phialophora verrucosa |
Subcutaneous mycoses/Phaeohyphomycetes/Saprophytic Septate Fungi Causes: chromoblastomycosis (post traumatic chronic skin infection) -dematiaceous (olivaceous to black) -septate hyphae -papules - verrucous (warty) lesions on lower extremities -chains of conidia -flasked shaped phialides with funnel-shaped, pigmented collarettes |
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Cladosporium carrionii |
Subcutaneous mycoses/Phaeohyphomycetes/Saprophytic Septate Fungi Causes: chromoblastomycosis (post traumatic chronic skin infection), allergies, asthma -dematiaceous -septate hyphae -papules- verrucous (warty) lesions on lower extremities -chains of conidia |
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Disease: Mycetoma |
Subcutaneous mycoses tissue imflammation; local chronic infection with painless swollen lesions on feet and legs; granular discharge -50% caused by aerobic actinomycetes (ex: Actinomadura); 40% eumycotic mycetoma (ex: Acremonium, Curvularia) |
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Rhinospordium seeberi |
Subcutaneous mycoses Causes: Rhindospordiosis (chronic in divers) -polypoid mass at nasal mucosa, conjunctiva, rectum, genitalia -has not been cultured -reservoir in fish and aquatic insects -spherules with endospores |
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Blastomyces dermatitidis |
Dimorphic fungi (true pathogen)
Causes: Blastomycosis (Chicago/Gilchrist disease) Distribution: Eastern N. America Habitat: Moist soil Symptoms: Flu-like; Chronic form mimics TB; Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Mold form: -white to beige surface, pale to brown reverse -septate, hyaline hyphae -short, conidiophore at 90 degrees to hypha with single conidium (lollipop)
Yeast form: -white to beige; granular to verrucose (warty) -double contoured wall -broad base attaching bud -multinucleated |
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Coccidioides immitis (C. posadasii in SW US, Mexico, & S. America) |
Dimorphic fungi (true pathogen)
Causes: Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) Distribution: CA's San Joaquin Valley Habitat: Soil in dry, warm areas Symptoms: Flu-like, pneumonia, skin ulcers, bone lesions, meningitis
Mold form: barrel shaped arthroconidia Yeast form: spherules with endospores |
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Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis |
Dimorphic fungi (true pathogen) Cause: Paracidiodomycosis (S. American blastomycosis) Distribution: S. America Habitat: Soil, wood Symptoms: Lymph node enlargement, abnormal lung X-ray (looks like TB), face lesion Mold form: -cycloheximide resistant -white to brown surface; yellow to brown reverse -septate hyphae -chlamydospore Yeast form: -white; wrinkled or folded -narrow base attaching bud -pilot wheel arrangement (important to differentiate from Blastomyces b/c cross react with each other in DNA probe test) |
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Histoplasma capsulatum (var. capsulatum var. duboisii -->African) |
Dimorphic fungi (true pathogen) Cause: Histoplasmosis (Cave disease, Ohio Valley disease) Distribution: Tropical area, TN-OH-MS River Valley Habitat: Soil contaminated with bird/bat droppings Symptoms: Similar to pneumonia (var. capsulatum affects reticuloendothelia sys. -macrophage sys.) (var. duboisii affects skin and bones) Mold form: -white, but brown with age; yellow-brown reverse -cycloheximide resistant -septatem hyaline hyphae -hyaline, filiform macroconidia -microconidia -condiopore at 90 degrees to hypha Yeast form: -creamy, slow growing, moist -ovoid budding -more prevalent in adult males |
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Aspergillus fumigatus |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes)
Causes: Aspergillus (otomycosis - ear infection, keratomycosis, pneumonia, skin ulcer)
-most common fungal infection -aspergiliomas (fungal balls) in lungs -branching hypha at 45 degrees -surface: greenish to black -reverse: white to lightly colored -condiophore terminated in swollen vesicles, phialides, chains of conidia |
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Penicillium spp. |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes) -ascospore -surface: white but turns greenish, yellow or pink with age -reverse: pale/yellow -simple or unbranched conidiophore, metulae (secondary branches on conidiophore), conidia, phialides -brush like appearance |
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Penicillium marneffei |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes)
human pathogen (AIDs patient)
-thermally dimorphic -septate yeast -mold green -yellow-pink with red diffusable pigment -lesions -reservoir in bamboo rats in SE Asia |
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Penicillium chrysogenum |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes) -produces beta lactam antibiotics |
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Penicillium verrucosum |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes) -produces mycotoxins on grains and cereal products |
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Penicillium glacum Penicillium roqueforti |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes) -cheese fermentation |
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Gliocladium spp. |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes) -similar to Penicillium but with slimy conidia -tight clusters of conidia held by finger-like phialides -green lawn culture |
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Fusarium spp. |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes) Causes: keratitis (inflammation of cornea); crop disease -pink colonies -large, curved, canoe-shaped, multicellular macroconidia (F. solani - Mycetoma- inflammation of tissue) |
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Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (sexual teleomorph = Microascus brevicaulis) |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes) Causes: keratitis, onychomycosis (nail infection), granulomatous skin disease -surface: white; powdery to granular -reverse: honey-colored to brown on SDA -conidiophore, chains of rough walled conidia |
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Paecilomyces lilacinus |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes) Causes: keratis, corneal ulcer, endopthalmitis (inflammation of eye) -pink to lilac -branching condiophores -slender, tapering phialides -chained, oval conidia (hand like) |
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Scedosporium apiospermum (sexual teleomorph: Pseudallescheria) |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes)
Cause: chronic mycetoma
-elliptical conidia supported by conidiophore ("lollipop") -grayish-brown |
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Pseudollescheria boydii (asexual anamorph Scedosporium) |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes)
Causes: Cystic fibrosis (thick mucous in lungs and GI tract), mycetoma Most common cause of mycetoma in US |
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Sepedonium sp. |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (hyalohyphomycetes) Contaminant -white colonies -spiny, tuberculate (having tubers) conidia |
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Curvularia spp. |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (Phaeohyphomycetes) Causes: Mycetoma, paranasal sinus phaeohyphomycosis -transmitted by soil, splinters, thorns -curved, septated conidia -large, dark central conidium cell |
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Alternaria spp. |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (Phaeohyphomycetes) Allergen, Plant pathogen -granulomatous lesions -multicellular conidia |
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Nigrospora spp. |
Saprophytic Septate Fungi (Phaeohyphomycetes) Lab contaminant from soil, decaying plants, seeds |
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Rhizopus spp. |
Zygomycetes (aseptate, zygospore, sporangia, ribbon like hyphae) Causes: Zygomycosis (mucormycosis)-rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, subcut., disseminated infection -stolon, rhizoid, apophysis, collarette -sporangiophore opp. of rhizoid |
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Mucor spp. |
Zygomycetes (aseptate, zygospore, sporangia, ribbon like hyphae) Causes: Zygomycosis (mucormycosis)-rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, subcut., disseminated infection -aerial hyphae can grow high (cotton candy appearance) -intercalary/terminal arthrospore |
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Rhizomucor spp. |
Zygomycetes (aseptate, zygospore, sporangia, ribbon like hyphae) Causes: Zygomycosis (mucormycosis)-rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, subcut., disseminated infection -rhizoids btw sporangiophores -pyriform (pear-shaped) to spherical columellae -brown sporangia |
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Absidia spp. (now Lichtheimia sp.) |
Zygomycetes (aseptate, zygospore, sporangia, ribbon like hyphae) Causes: Zygomycosis (mucormycosis)-rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, subcut., disseminated infection -branching sporangiophore btw rhizoids -septum below sporangium -apophysis -sporangiophore widens to funnel shape (pyriform sporangium) |
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Cunninghamella sp. |
Zygomycetes (aseptate, zygospore, sporangia, ribbon like hyphae) Causes: Zygomycosis (mucormycosis)-rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, subcut., disseminated infection -subtropical -terminal vesicle has spine-like denticles where there are sporangioles filled with sporangiospores -sporangiospores have needle-like crystals |
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Epidermophyton spp. |
Cutaneous Mycoses (dermatophyte)
Causes: Dermatophytosis (ring worm) Infects: skin, nails Macroconidia: clavate (club shaped), septated Microconidia: none
E. Floccosum- chlamydioconidia |
