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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a theory that Mendelian genes have a specific loci on chromosomes, and that chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment
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chromosome theory of inheritance
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the normal phenotype of a character
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wild type
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genes located on a sex chromosome
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sex-linked genes
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genes located on the same chromosome that are usually inherited together
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linked genes
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the production of offspring with new combinations of traits inherited from two parents
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genetic recombination
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offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes
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parental types
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an offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the parents
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recombinant
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an ordered list of genetic loci along a chromosome
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genetic map
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a genetic map based on recombination frequencies
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linkage map
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a measurement of the distance between genes
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map unit
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charts of chromosomes that locate genes with respect to chromosomal features
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cytological map
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a sex-linked disorder characterized by a progressive weakening of the muscles and loss of coordination; victims usually don't live past their early 20s
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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a sex-linked recessive trait defined by the absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting
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hemophilia
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a condensed, inactive X chromosome that lies along the nuclear envelope of a female
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Barr body
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this occurs when members of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis I or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II
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nondisjunction
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an abnormal chromosome number
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aneuploidy
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a cell total of 2n + 1
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trisomic
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a cell total of 2n - 1
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monosomic
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a general term for organisms that have more than two complete chromosome sets
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polyploidy
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this occurs when a chromosomal fragment lacking a centromete is lost during cell division
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deletion
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this occurs when a fragment may become attached as an extra segment to a sister chromatid
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duplication
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this occurs when a chromosomal fragment reattaches to the original chromosome but in the reverse orientation
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inversion
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this occurs when a chromosomal fragment joins a nonhomologous chromosome
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translocation
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a disease that is usually the result of an etra chromosome 21, with each cell having 47 chromosomes
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Down syndrome
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a process in which a gene on one chromosome is somehow silenced, while its allele on the homologous chromosome is left free to be expressed
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genomic imprinting
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a disorder named for the physical appearance of an abnormal X chromosome; causes mental retardation
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fragile X syndrome
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