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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Islam |
"submission to the will of God" |
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Ahl al-Khatib |
"people of the book" Consisting of Jews and Christians |
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Shirk |
unforgivable sin: anyone rejecting the Qur'an or associating partners with god |
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Muhammad |
Last prophet or "seal of the prophets"(570-632) -a messenger -born in Mecca, business man, hired by Khadijah and later married -beleived in the trials of abraham -first vission from god on Mt. Jabal-an-Nur |
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Fitrah |
Innate human goodness |
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Tawbah |
To turn towards god in repentance |
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Emic |
Insiders perspective, recounts of the revelations, most of the Qur'an fashioned from early Muslim biographers
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Etic |
research done by an outside observer |
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Hijra |
Muhammads first journey from Mecca to Medina |
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A "chapter" in the Qur'an |
Surah |
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The first chapter of the Qur'an |
al-fatina or "the opening" |
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Jahiliyyah |
The Muslim age of ignorance |
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The 2 notable regions in Islam |
Yatrib (Medina), Ta'if, Mecca -Mecca was a crossroads for 2 major trade routes from Yemen to Syria |
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Sunni Muslims |
Swearing of allegiance to Muhammad's father in law Abu Bakr after Muhammad's death |
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Shi'ite Muslims |
belief that the next leader should be a direct descendant of the prophet, assigning Ali ibn Abu Talib the khalifah (calif) |
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Rashidan: The 4 righteous leaders |
Abu Bakr--> Umar bin al-Khatib--> Uthman bin Affan --> Ali ibn abu Talib |
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Abu Bakr |
the clear choice for khalifah according to sunni Muslims -knowledge of tribes and politics in arabian peninsula -Quraysh origin |
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Umar bin al-khattab |
The second appointed Khalifah -Stern, uncompromising, generous to the ahl al-khatib -poll tax: compensation for protection of christians -assassinated by Persian slave |
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Dhimmi |
Protection of non-Muslim people under Muslim rule |
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ridda |
"apostasy" or turning away from religion -after the death of the prophet Muhammad |
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Uthman bin Affan |
3rd appointed Khalifah -single written definitive version of Qur'an |
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Ali ibn Abu-Talib |
4th appointed Khalifah -cousin of Muhammad and married to youngest favorite daughter Fatima -leader of Kufrah peeople against the Quyrash people from Barsa in first civil war -assassinated in 661 |
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Fitnah |
Civil discord |
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Hussien |
Grandson of Muhammad -Found a shi'ite or shia following in Mecca -brutally murdered by 500 soldiers with yazid son of Muawiyyah |
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kalam |
The study of divine speech in Islam, the beginnings of theology |
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Sunnah |
the way of the prophet muhammad |
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'Ulema |
The scholars of Islam |
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Qadar |
divine predestination, argument apposed to free will in humans |
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Mutazilite |
First school theological school of thought: rationalist approach |
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Hanbalite |
First school of theological thought: traditionalist approach |
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Hadith |
Written reports of the prophets sayings and actions |
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The major distinction between Mutazilites and Hanabilites |
Mutazilites: God reveals what is good Hanabilites: What God reveals is good |
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Twelver shi'ites |
larhgest shi'ite sect, line of imams ended at the 12th imam Muhammad al-Mahdi -add statements to call to prayer "Ali is friend/Saint of God" -permit temporary marriages |
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Shari'ah |
source of Islamic law: refers to the sacred law, the divine balance that Muslims are expected to uphold -Consists of Quiyas and ijma |
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salat |
Daily prayer |
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qiyas |
Analogical reasoning, applying the Shari'ah to current lifestyle |
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Ijma |
"consensus" agreement of all jurists |
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fiqh |
Juriprudence or the ability to understand the teachings of God and implement his commands |
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fatwa |
The making of a rule in Islamic law |
