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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Composers |
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Schubert |
Vienna Overshadowed by Beethoven wrote over 600 art songs symphonies,string quartets,chamber music, piano sonatas worshipped Beethoven, dying wish was to be buried next to Beethoven |
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Robert Schumann |
*bipolar pianist at first but had an hand injury married to Clara Wieck named both sides of himself- Florestan and Eusebius *Lieder and autobiographical solo piano pieces *New Journal for Music- critic |
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Clara Wieck- Shumann |
*her fault pianists have to memorize music pressured Shumann to write symphonies |
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Frederick Chopin |
George Sand (lover) wrote almost exclusively for piano (Nocturnes, Etudes,Mazurkas, Ballades) Romantic |
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Mendelssohn |
bach revival classical period influence, classical orchestration symphonies, concertos, string quartets, overtures |
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Franz Lizst |
superstar pianist controversial lifestyle vulgar,bombastic international invented the tone or symphonic poem **thematic transformation |
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Berlioz |
not a classical artist but has the Beethoven influence expected to be a doctor, but gave up inspired by Beethoven no.5 and no.6 inspired by Shakespeare great innovator of orchestration invented new genres **Symphonie fantastique** -based on Harriet Smithson and his love for you -Idee fixe respresents "beloved thing" |
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Smetana |
nationalist |
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Dvorak |
nationalist |
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Brahmns |
friends with Clara and Robert Schumann traditionalist- always wanted absolute music new and important things can still be done through the tradition of classical masters waited 25 years to write symphony- intimidated by Beethoven wrote symphonies, chamber music, and a german requiem among most famous works |
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Giusepe Verdi |
honorary member of Italian parliament italian nationalist Nabucco launched his career 28 operas- 2 are comic Shakespeare operas: MacBeth, Falstaff, Otella Later operas resemble Wagners Aida La Traviata |
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Puccini |
La bohéme
MadameButterfly Turandot Tosca |
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Wagner |
One of most influential composersof Romantic era
Believed opera was the best venuefor combining all aspects of music Music drama—integrates music andtheater completelyGesamtkunstwerk total work of artLeitmotifs—theme that represents person,place, thing, or idea |
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Mahler |
Quoted themes of othercomposers—Beethoven, Wagner, Mendelssohn
ConductorSymphony should be aWORLD—universe, God, ecstasy, doom, resurrectionInvented the orchestral songcycle—work for voice and orchestra (Kindertotenlieder) Superstitious |
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Characteristics of the Romantic Period |
melody (expansive singing melodies) rythym(rubato) Harmony(chromatic half steps harmony, expanded concepts of tonality) Dynamics (wider range) timbre (more expressive, expanded orchestration) solo piano virtuosity (expert) expression (emotion is emphasized) Programatic |
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Programattic Genres |
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Program Symphony |
several movements, each with a descriptive title
· Symphonie fantastique by Berlioz |
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Concert Overture:
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One movement, usually in sonata form. Modeled after the opera overture. · 1812 Overture by Tchaikovsky
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Symphonic or Tone poem
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One movement, sonata, rondo, or theme and variations. Invented by Franz Liszt in the 1840s—became the most important type of program music after 1860. · Les Preludes by Liszt
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Art Songs Forms |
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strophic |
same melody for each stanza |
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modified strophic |
mostly same melody, one stanza may have different music |
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through composed |
composed different music each stanza |
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song cycle |
group of art songs pertaining to one subject; meant to be performed as a set |
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nationilism |
exemplified through: -use of countrys folk music in classical works -programmatic works tied to folk lore and landscape |
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nationilist composers |
Bedrich Smetana(Czech) Antonin Dvorkak(Czech) Edvard Grieg (Norway) Jean Sibelius (Finland) |
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Thematic Transformation |
theme that is altered through rythym, orchestration, register **Liszt **Berlioz Fanastique |
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Literary Influences of the Romantic Period |
William Shakespeare Johann Wolfgang van Goethe |
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Italian opera |
Opera originated in Italy Vocalline most important Lighterorchestration Recitativeand Aria Differentlibrettist NoLeitmotivs |
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German Opera |
Vocal line equals orchestra Full orchestration No recit. and aria: continuous Was his own librettist Extensive use of Leitmotivs |
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Wagners Innovations |
Influencedharmonic language of the 20th Century ·
Gesamtkunstwerk:Total Work of Art Leitmotivs (leading motive) (Musical phrase or fragmentassociated with person, place, object, or idea ) · MusicDramas, not operas o Composed his own librettio Use of heroes, gods, anddemigods, medieval mythologyo No use of Recitatives andArias · Wagner Tuba: instrument that coversrange between horns and trombones · Orchestraequals the voice: orchestra carries the mainthematic content · Absence of cadences: ends of phrases melt intothe next · Opera house built in Bayreuth in 1872: Specifically designed for Wagner’s workso Becamea shrine during WW2 |
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Erlkonig: Shubert |
male voice fast repeated notes in piano https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XP5RP6OEJI |
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Nocturne in E-Flat: Chopin |
slow tempo; beautiful melody |
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Etude, Op.25 No 12. or Winter Wind Etude: Chopin |
Fast runny notes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJMIIxm1bGo |
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Carnaval: Robert Schumann |
(Chords, medium fast tempo)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s_2IbVpIrA |
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Dubist wie eine blume:Schumann
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(Female voice; slow chords in piano)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQYe2RXfmls |
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Symphonie Fantastique: Berlioz
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(March-like; idée fixe at end of piece)
idee fixe is dreamlike and hopeful https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6eeOIXIPjY |
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TheMoldau:Smetana
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(Some use of triangle; fast running notes depicting a river)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdtLuyWuPDs |
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SymphonyNo. 9 or New World Symphony: Dvorak
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very nationalist, jaw like |
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A German Requiem:Brahms
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(ONLY piece with choir!)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfEwcs8O4sg |
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LaTraviata: Verdi
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(Italian; Man and Woman duet; Sounds like a ¾ waltz) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-jHIfm3_oI
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La Bohème: Puccini
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(Italian; Gentle, more swelling)
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Die Walküre: Wagner
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(German; More brass, louder orchestra; woman screams)
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SymphonyNo. 5 by Mahler
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(Much use of trumpet; 4-note motive similar to Beethoven 5th Symphony)
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SymphonyNo. 3: Brahms
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(Not as much brass; orchestration like Beethoven)
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