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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
20 Hz - 20 kHz
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The range of human hearing
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ADC
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Analog to Digital Converter - a device which converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers.
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ADSR
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An envelope to modulate attack, decay, sustain and resonance.
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aliasing
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bogus frequencies created by recording a frequency above the nyquist frequency (approximately half the sampling rate)
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amplitude
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the magnitude of change in the oscillating variable
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anti-aliasing filter
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a part of the ADC which gradually reduces frequencies above a cutoff frequencies
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bit resolution
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dictates how many values are availabe for placing discrete points duringsampling
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cochlea
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portion of the inner ear filled with fluid which sets cilia in motion to help in the process of converting mechanical energy into electrochemical signal for the brain
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compression
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the compaction of air. opposite of rarefaction
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critical bands
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ranges of frequencies that sets of cilia are designated to detect certain frequencies
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cycle
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one repetition of a waveform
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DAC
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a device for converting a digital (usually binary) code to an analog signal
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decibel
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a measurement of sound pressure relative to a a reference level (usually the threshold of sound)
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decimate
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a process used in wavetables in which eliminates decimals
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dither
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intentionally applied form of noise, used to randomize quantization error, thereby preventing large-scale patterns such as contouring that are more objectionable than uncorrelated noise
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envelope
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time varying function that changes a parameter of a sound
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envelope generator
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a basic module for controlling ADSR of other modules
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frequency
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cycles of a waveform per second
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frequency domain graph
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a frequency-domain graph shows how much of the signal lies within each given frequency band over a range of frequencies
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fundamental frequency
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lowest frequency in a harmonic frequency
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harmonic partial
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any component of sound related to fundamental by whole number multiples
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header
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supplemental data at the beginning of a file to help the computer comprehend what to do with a file based on its format
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in a silver scale
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first computer synthesized piece of music by newman guttman
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inharmonic partial
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any combination of partials
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interpolate
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a method of constructing new data points in a wavetable
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masking
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process by which the brain naturally detects amplitudes of frequencies in critical bands and only allows you to hear those that have a great enough amplitude and "masks" those that are too small
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max mathews
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a pioneer in computer music at bell labs who wrote music I programming language
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music I
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a program written by Max Mathews in 1957 at Bell Labs[1]. MUSIC I was the first computer program for generating digital audio waveforms through direct synthesis.
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music N
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a family of computer music programs and programming languages descended from or influenced by MUSIC I
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noise
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a sound created by a waveform with no repetition
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normalize
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increasing the amplitude of a waveform to the maxiumum level based on its peak without introducing noise
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nyquist frequency
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half hte sample rate
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nyquist theorem
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theory that states you cannot record a frequency greater than half the sampling rate without producing aliasing
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overtones
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a partial that can be either harmonic or inharmonic
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oscillator
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module for creating sound - controls tuning, waveform or FM
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oscillator types
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truncating rounding interpolating
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partials
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sine wave components of a sound
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PCM-1
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first commercially available digital recorder
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Period
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ammount of time it takes for one cycle to complete. 1/f
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periodic waveform
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a wave which repeates over and over again
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phase
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one part or portion in recurring or serial activities
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psychoacoustics
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the study of subjective human perception of sounds
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quantization
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the process of approximating a continuous range of values by a relatively small set of discrete symbols or integer values
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rarefaction
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spaces of low pressure between molecules when transferring energy from a sound source. opposite of compression
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resonator
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a body which amplifies and attenuates a sound
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sampling rate
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the rate at which samples of the amplitude of a sound are taken per second in order to construct
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sawtooth wave
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all partials
amp = 1/f |
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signal processing
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the analysis, interpretatin and manipulation of a sound signal
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sound
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vibration transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas; particularly, sound means those vibrations composed of frequencies capable of being detected by ears
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spectrum
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a plot which reveals the structure of the frequencies
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square wave
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odd partials
amp = 1/f |
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table lookup synthesis
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using a wave table, an oscilator scans through a table which displays the amplitude values for a complete wave cylce
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time domain representation
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this method or representing a frequency shows how a frequency's amplitude develops over time
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triangle wave
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all partials
1/f^2 |
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unit generator
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modules for sound synthesis such as oscillators or noise generators which are processed by amplifiers envelops or filters
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