Music History I Final

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Dates of The Baroque Period

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1600 - 1750

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Stile Antico

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The rule-based treatment of consonance and dissonance during the 16th Century.

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Stile Moderno

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the 17th Century when contrapuntal rules could be broken in service to those emotions spelled out in the text of a vocal piece.

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Trio - Sonata

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2 high voices plus a melodic bass line. Frequently in both instrumental and vocal music.

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Figured Bass

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The middle voices were filled in according to a system of numbers and accidentals under the bass line.

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Ornamentation

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Opportunity for improvisation in terms of characteristically lavish embellishment.

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Functional Harmony

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Moving away from the basically quite fuzzy melodic definition of a tonal center in terms of mode and toward the more predictable chordal patterns.

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Dates of the Common Practice period

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1600 -1900

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Terrace Dynamics

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Echo effects frequently heard in Baroque music.

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Solar Harmony

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A convenient way to summarize the overall modulatory patterns in later Baroque music.

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Baroque composers tended to put the dramatic highpoint of a movement near the ________

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End

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Motor Rhythms

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Term for the type of rhythm which is as though mechanized, like the sound of an engine.

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Picardy Third

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In Baroque pieces in minor the last chord was often raised.

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Opera is the plural form of the word _______.

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Opus

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Madrigal Cycles

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16th Century music hat illustrated a succession of scenes or a shared plot

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Intermedio

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a musical play acted out between the acts of a spoken drama

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recitative

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rhythmically free, speech-like singing.

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The earliest surviving opera with music by Caccini and Peri

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L'Euridice

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The more effective rendition of the same story of Euridice by Monteverdi

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L'Orgeo

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In 1613 Monteverdi became music director of what church in Venice?

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St. Marks Church

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"The battle of Tameredi and Clorinda" in 1638, for which Monteverdi invented the Excited Style or _____ __________

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Stile Concerto

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The first public Opera house in Italy opened in Venice in _______

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1637

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In the year 1625 who in Florence became the first woman to write an opera?

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Francesca Caccini

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The first opera written by a woman

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The Liberation of Ruggiero

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Women were not even allowed to sing on stage in Rome, so the high-voiced female roles were played by ___________

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Castrati

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Deus ex Machina

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The elaborate staging effects of operas in Venice, where mythological gods might suddenly appear high above the stage in specially built transports.

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1650 the plots of operas were commonly based on what?

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Greek myths or Roman History

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The common aria form in 1650 is what?

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Strophic Variation

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The main concentration around 1650 musically was what?

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Solo voice, not vocal ensembles or instrumental music.

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by 1650 most professional musicians in Europe worked in 1 of 3 principal job situations:

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churches, courts or theaters

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By 1650 a kind of miniature opera for solo voice and basso continuo had developed

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Cantata

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Cantata focused on....

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Secular poetic text, no sets or costumes.

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Barbara Strozzi

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The most prolific composer of cantatas in Venice.

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Academy of Unions

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a group of Barbara Strozzi's father's intellectual friends who listened to her perform her own works in her father's home.

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Concertato Effects

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Baroque music using voices and instruments together in varying combinations

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the first sacred concertos printed with a part for Basso continuo

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The Centi concerto ecclesiatici by Viadona

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Oratorio

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Were like sacred operas in 17thC. The chorus played a much more important role, and there was often a narrater to sum up the plot because of no costumes or set.

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Carissimi

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Leading composer of Oratorios and published a work Jephte. (sexist plot from Old Testament)

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Schütz

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German composer who first successfully applied Italian dramatic styles to Lutheran church music. Studied with Gabrielli and Monteverdi. Wrote the first German Opera.

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Ricercar

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Forerunner of Fugue

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Conzona

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Forerunner of Sonata

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Renaissance dance music groupings centered on a basic international collection of 4 dances that was formalized by whom?

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Froberger

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4 Dance suite set:

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Allemade (Germ.), Courante (Fr.), Sarabonds (Spain), and Gique (Eng)

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Ballet de cour

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The chief genre of stage music in France that is now seen as a forerunner to Opera.

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Ballet

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French Operas always included these from the time of Louis XIV forward French Opera.

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Divertissment

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Interludes in French singing

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Music of the Royal Chapel

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Music at the French court included church music

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Music of the Chamber

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music for indoor entertainments

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Music of the Great Stable

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music for military or other outdoor ceremonies

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The first Large-scale violin family ensembles in Europe were created at the French royal court. How many Violins of the King?

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24 Violins

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Louis XIV's favorite musician

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Lully

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Lully

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Born in Florence and was chiefly responsible for developing a distinctive and successful form of French Opera in the 1670s.

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French Opera form by Lully

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Tragedie Lyrique

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French Overture

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Popularized by Lully. There are two sections. Slow, homophonic, and marked by dotted rhythms. Fast adn imitative

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Notes inegales

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meaning that notated short notes of even length were performed as dotted rhythms.

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Overdotting

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A extreme example of Notes Inegales.

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Agréments

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french for Ornaments

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Gautier

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leading 18thC lute composer in France

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Style Brisé

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Broken style. Broken chords to help sustain the harmonies

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Elisabeth Claude Jasquet de la Guerre

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Dedicated her keyboard compositions to the King. Many of her works were destroyed in the French Revolution. She was the first French Women to write an Opera.

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Masque

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The chief forerunner of Opera in England

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Cupid and Death

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The only surviving Masque from the 17thC by Matthew Loeke.

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Venus and Adonis

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First somewhat successful English Opera

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Dido and Aeneas

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The most successful English Baroque Opera

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Henry Purcell

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Nicknamed the British Orpheus.

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Alessadra Scarlatti

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Most prolific composer of Italian Cantatas in the late 17thC.

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Da Capo

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The most common form of aria in the 17thC. ABA. Ternary

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Sonata da Camera

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intended for performance at court and later called a dance suite

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Sonata da chiesa

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intended for performance in church with 4 movements in slow-fast-slow-fast design

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Trio Sonatas

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2 solos and Basso Continuo. 4 performers

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Solo Sonata

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3 players were needed!

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Arcangelo Corelli

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The most renowned composer of violin sonatas in Italy in the late 17thC and early 18thC. His career was the first to be based solely on Instrumental music/ No modal music.

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Ripieno Concerto

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Everyone in the orchestra was of equal importance

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Concerto Grosso

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There was a group of soloists called concertino, accompanied by the rest of the orchestra (tutti)

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Solo Concerto

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There was only one soloist

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Torelli

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The first person to publish concertos in Italy

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Ritornello form

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Orchestral refrains alternated with solo episodes

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Fugue

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Esposition (opening section) Subject (main theme) Episodes (non thematic)

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Biber

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He wrote the most famous 17thC German sonatas, the Rosary or Mystery sonatas for violin and basso continuo

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Scordatura

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Altered tuning for the violin strings the produce a brighter sound

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Kuhnau

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The first German keyboard sonata composer who was known for his 6 Biblical sonatas which vividly depicted stories of the old Testament